Spain’s role with Iraq evolves as defense ties shift
Across Western nations, Spanish military personnel continue to advise, train, and provide special operations support to the Iraqi army. The present mission to counter Islamic terrorism in Iraq is slated for departure at the Iraqi government’s request, signaling a pause in international counter-terrorism assistance in this area.
Future cooperation between Spain and Iraq on defense will depend on a new bilateral agreement that is currently in draft. This transition plan is evident in the recent statements from the Police Department and comments by Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Al Sudani, reflecting a shift in strategic arrangement rather than a halt in collaboration.
Al Sudani and Spanish Defense Minister Margarita Robles met during the Iraqi leader’s visit to Spain. They underscored Iraq’s decision to end the present international coalition mission as Iraqi forces have strengthened their capacity to counter terrorism and ISIS remnants no longer pose a substantial threat to the country. This marks a turning point in how Iraq seeks external support for national security.
While Iraq President and Security officials project a wind-down of the multinational operation led by the United States, no withdrawal date has been set. Robles indicated that any transition would be orderly and agreed upon in advance, ensuring continuity and mutual readiness for future cooperation.
There is an emphasis on avoiding a sudden stop. The aim is a calm, orderly conclusion that keeps doors open for future collaboration and maintains bilateral coordination where it makes sense for both nations.
Continued NATO engagement in Iraq
Spain plans to stay involved in NATO’s broader assistance program in Iraq, which has been active since 2018 through the NATO Mission Iraq. The mission includes 183 Spanish personnel and is characterized by its educational and organizational focus rather than purely operational tasks in combat zones. Spain remains the leading contributor of personnel to this mission, which has been commanded by a Spanish general since May, Lieutenant General José Antonio Agüero.
The most recent Spanish contingent arrived from the Military Contingency Unit to support Iraqi forces through training and mentorship.
Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) began under U.S. leadership in response to ISIS activities across Iraq in June 2014. The mission involves training Iraqi troops, providing advisory support, and facilitating allied movements into combat zones. Member countries include the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Australia, Canada, and others, all contributing to a shared effort against ISIS remnants.
Spain began contributing troops in line with Congressional authorization in October 2014. Today, the OIR mission comprises a substantive Spanish presence, with personnel deployed to various task forces and special operations elements. Units deployed include air-capable groups and a specialized operational unit, all integrated into broader multinational efforts based at several Iraqi bases. The tempo and scope of these deployments have evolved in step with the security situation in the region, including ongoing tensions in surrounding areas impacted by regional conflicts.
Spain’s ongoing involvement reflects a broader commitment to regional security and allied defense collaboration. As Iraq strengthens its domestic security architecture, Spanish forces continue to provide capable training, advisory support, and strategic partnership that aligns with both national and alliance-wide objectives. The evolving mission seeks to balance effective defense cooperation with respect for Iraq’s sovereignty and the practical realities of a changing security landscape.