Researchers from the Metabolism Research Institute found a connection between obesity, brain function, and learning. A study led by Max Planck researchers showed that an anti obesity medication called liraglutide improved learning performance in adults who are overweight. The findings were published in Nature Metabolism.
Associative learning relies on linking a neutral external cue with the outcome that follows it. For example, a glowing red hotplate on an induction hob signals danger and can burn a hand. This form of learning supports the creation of neural connections and is guided by insulin responsive regions in the brain. In obesity, the body often loses some insulin sensitivity. A new study explored whether this change affects associative learning.
The researchers recruited thirty adults with normal weight and high insulin sensitivity and twenty four adults with obesity and reduced insulin sensitivity. They observed that the ability to form associations between sensory cues and outcomes was weaker in the obese group and linked to decreased brain activity in regions important for this type of learning.
On the evening of the testing day, participants received either liraglutide or a placebo. Liraglutide is known to boost insulin production and promote fullness, and it is commonly used to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes. The following morning, participants completed a task to measure associative learning performance.
After a single dose, obese participants showed a marked improvement in learning and their brain activity returned to patterns seen in individuals with normal weight.
The research team noted positive changes in brain function when therapy is used to address obesity, but they also highlighted concern about brain changes observed in some young people with obesity who do not have other diseases. The study emphasizes the importance of preventing obesity as a central goal of health care. A physician and lead author highlighted that lifelong treatment should take a back seat to primary prevention of obesity and its complications.
In summary, the work underscores how metabolic health and brain function intersect, and it points to prevention as a critical path for healthier futures.