ANECPLA Warns About Pine Processionary Mussel: Winter Arrival and Rising Risk
The National Association of Environmental Health Companies, ANECPLA, has issued a warning about the pine processionary caterpillar outbreak arriving in the middle of winter. Historically, these outbreaks peak between March and June, and local governments have long been urged to implement preventive campaigns during the autumn season to curb the pest before it becomes widespread. This year, officials anticipate that temperature trends may accelerate early activity, prompting renewed calls for readiness and action. [ANECPLA]
ANECPLA notes that January ended with unusually high temperatures, exceeding 30 degrees in parts of Spain, which served as an early signal for the emergence of Thaumetopoea pityocampa, the pine processionary caterpillar. The association stresses that proactive measures in autumn are essential to minimizing damage and protecting public health and urban greenery. [ANECPLA]
Facing what it describes as an alarming situation, ANECPLA urges local governments to treat prevention as a core responsibility. The emphasis is on basic actions and sustained campaigns during the autumn season to reduce the pest’s harmful effects. This stance follows observations that climate change may be influencing the pest’s spread and intensity, while regulatory constraints at the European level on biocidal products used to manage the pest continue to evolve. [ANECPLA]
In line with these concerns, ANECPLA’s leadership highlights prevention as a priority. When dealing with an already active pine gall infestation, the only chemical method legally permitted in urban areas is endotherapy. This treatment must be performed by qualified professionals to ensure safety and effectiveness. [ANECPLA]
The association notes that endotherapy can be highly effective and environmentally friendly, yet it comes with a substantial cost. For large tree masses, the price can be a limiting factor, which sometimes influences decisions about intervention. [ANECPLA]
“Poison Darts”
ANECPLA also warns that even minor contact with a pine processionary caterpillar’s nest can trigger a range of health effects, from dermatitis to eye injuries, hives, and allergic reactions due to histamine release. Even without direct contact, simply brushing against hairs released by the caterpillars can provoke irritation and allergies, particularly when the hairs reach the eyes. [ANECPLA]
These hairs, known as trichomes, are numerous—estimates suggest about 500,000 hairs per caterpillar—ready to act like poison darts if they sense danger. If contact occurs, it is advised to wash the affected area with water and apply a cool compress to reduce inflammation and soothe itching or burning sensations. [ANECPLA]
In pets, especially dogs, contact can be life-threatening. The director-general warns that curious dogs may sniff these caterpillars to identify them, and the hairs may irritate noses or eyes. Even minimal contact can cause inflammation, intense itching, and excessive drooling in animals. If pets lick the hairs after touching them, the toxins can be ingested, potentially leading to serious medical issues. [ANECPLA]
Following these recommendations helps minimize risk and protect both people and animals from the harmful effects of the trichomes released by these caterpillars. It is crucial for pet owners and property managers to stay vigilant, particularly in areas where these pests are known to congregate. [ANECPLA]
For those seeking guidance, ANECPLA provides ongoing information and practical steps to reduce exposure and manage infestations. The focus remains on prevention, professional assessment, and safe intervention methods to safeguard urban spaces and natural areas alike. [ANECPLA]
Note: contact details for the environmental department were provided in public communications to facilitate information sharing and coordinated responses. [ANECPLA]