The National Association of Environmental Health Companies, known by its Spanish acronym ANECPLA, has issued warnings about the pine processionary caterpillar invasion arriving in the middle of winter. The pest has shown patterns that previously occurred between March and June, prompting local authorities to intensify prevention efforts and to integrate these campaigns into autumn planning cycles.
ANECPLA noted that January closed with several regions reporting temperatures climbing above 30 degrees, a development that many experts interpret as a signal for the pine processionary pest, Thaumetopoea pityocampa, to begin its active phase. This observation aligns with broader climate trends that influence pest life cycles and the timing of outbreaks.
The association urged local governments to treat prevention as a core responsibility and to sustain annual campaigns during the autumn season. The aim is to minimize the harmful effects of this pest on urban and peri-urban environments where trees are essential for public spaces and property value. ANECPLA’s director general, Jorge Galván, highlighted the evolving risk landscape, noting that climate change is intensifying the potential damage and that regulatory restrictions on biocidal products in Europe complicate management approaches. The message is clear: proactive prevention is critical because the regulatory environment can limit certain control options in cities and towns.
Galván emphasized that the most legally permissible chemical intervention in urban areas remains endotherapy, a targeted method applied by qualified professionals. While effective, this technique comes with a high price tag. In scenarios involving large clusters of trees, cost considerations can become a decisive factor in choosing management strategies. The emphasis remains on prevention to keep the pest at bay before infestations become costly and widespread.
In discussing risk, ANECPLA drew attention to the idea of what some call poison darts. The association warns that even minor contact with a caterpillar sac can trigger skin irritation, dermatitis, eye injuries, hives, and allergic reactions due to histamine release. A notable risk arises from the caterpillars’ defensive hairs, which can be released when the insects feel threatened. These hairs, or trichomes, are present in large numbers and can act as irritants even without direct contact with the insects themselves.
Astute observers should refrain from rubbing or handling caterpillar hairs. If exposure occurs, the recommended first aid is to wash the affected area with clean water and apply a cool compress to reduce inflammation and alleviate itching or burning sensations. In pets, especially dogs, contact can lead to serious outcomes, including potentially fatal reactions. Curious animals may sniff or mouth the caterpillars, or hairs may become lodged in noses or eyes, causing discomfort and possible injury. The risk extends to animals that chew or lick contaminated paws, potentially spreading toxins through ingestion.
ANECPLA stresses that preventing exposure is far more effective than addressing symptoms after contact. If an accidental encounter happens, monitoring for signs of inflammation, intense itching, drooling, or other distress is advised, and immediate veterinary consultation is recommended for pets.
It is important to recognize that the pine processionary caterpillar poses a health and safety challenge not only for people but also for animals in urban environments. The association urges residents and local authorities to stay vigilant, implement preventive measures, and consider professional intervention when infestations are active. The evolving landscape of pest management requires balancing effectiveness with environmental considerations and regulatory constraints, a balance that becomes more delicate as climate patterns shift and urban green spaces expand.
For further context on this issue and its implications, readers should refer to official guidance and regional prevention programs that address the seasonal nature of pine processionary outbreaks [citation: ANECPLA communications].