Fish began to emerge: At the bottom of the Mariana Pit, the first people see in fact 65 years ago, the first dive to the bottom of the Mariana Pit was 23.01.2025, 08:00.

Survive deeply

Bathyscaphe “Trieste” was the invention of Swiss engineer Auguste Piccard, the inventor of the devices in this class. Considering the fact that Switzerland is surrounded by land, it may seem funny, but Piccard worked abroad for a long time and moved between Germany, Belgium and Italy.

Trieste, which was built in Italy in 1953, was generally similar to the previous bathroom title models. The biggest part was a float filled with gasoline, similar to a submarine body. What distinguishes Batiskaf from other underwater vehicles, such as deep sea submarines, is the buoy;

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BATHYSCAPHE DESIGN Scheme

USA Institute of Naval

If any object is lighter than water of the same volume, otherwise it will sink or hang in the water column (if the two values ​​are approximately equal). Traditional submarines are made of steel and they do not sink because there is air inside the pressure body, which creates volume without adding weight. However, the water pressure tends to crush the steel bubble with air and the body must have thick walls at a depth of more than one or two or three kilometers.

Bathyscaphes solve this problem by changing the air with gasoline, which is more dense but lighter than water; This also helps to rise. The gasoline in the buoy hangs from above and is supported by the water coming from below. The pressure inside and outside the bubble is always the same because the buoy is not sealing and the walls can be thinned.

All pressure is absorbed by a drop of gasoline based on compression. The floating control system is also specific to Piccard bath hats. The submarines fill the ballast tanks with water to dive into the water and increase their weight and air is blown from the cylinders. For the reasons described above, this cannot work deeply, and therefore, to win the lifting force and to the top, the trieste lower the iron weights holding electromagnets in the shelters.

The vehicle had only a small global gondola under the float, with a wall thickness of 89 mm and could accommodate two people. Because of its small size, there was not enough air to maintain the lifting force, but the smaller the object sinking into the water, the less the force it squeezed.

In 1958, Trieste was first used by the French navy in the Mediterranean until it was purchased by the US navy for a modest amount of $ 250,000 (less than $ 3 million with today’s exchange rates). The Americans planned to break an absolute record on the depth of diving, and therefore they seriously modernized the device. In addition to other things, they changed the Italian livable gondola with a thicker wall (127 mm) in Germany, where they produce the best steel in the world.

We will die faster than we noticed

They planned to break a record in Challenger Deep, the deepest point of the Mariana Pit. To find the deepest plain of ABYSS, American sailors threw the TNT blocks into the water and used a stopwatch to measure the delay before the echo returned to hydrophone. The standard echo of the USS Wandank command ship’s bathroom head did not work at these depths. Thus, we managed to find a region worthy of a record of 1.6 km wide and 11 km long.

Two people were assigned to run the device; His son Jacques Piccard and Lieutenant Don Walsh, who works with his father’s father. It is interesting that Walsh did not have to fight to reach this position by pushing his colleagues with his elbows – they believed that the commander of a bathroom title created for the sake of pure curiosity would not contribute to an officer’s career. And the adventure spirit did not concern them. On the morning of January 23, 1960, they entered the apparatus that brought the tugboat to the desired point and emptied the gasoline bundle and started diving.

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Bathyscaphe during pulling

US navy

The cliff decline lasted 4 hours and 47 minutes, and the Trieste sank at a rate slightly below a meter per second. As the vehicle quickly passed through a large number of small creatures glowing with bioluminescence, the image outside the window resembled an inverted snowfall.

Later, the capsule at a depth of 9400 meters was shaken by a strong impact sound. If the body of the submarine begins to make bad sounds during the dive, it usually serves as the cause of an emergency rise, but all the instruments of Trieste showed that the situation was normal. If the crew had caused serious damage to the body, he guessed at a pressure of almost a thousand atmosphere, “We would have died without even realizing our own death.” said Walsh. As it then appeared, the sound was caused by the fracture of glass in the outer tunnel outside the capsule where the crew members entered.

Finally, the capsule hit the bottom at a depth of 10.912 meters. Neither the engineer nor the submarine did not prepare pathetic conversations for this situation – they just stuck hands and said: “Yes, we succeeded.” Unfortunately, when the bottom was touched, a thin silt cloud rose, and it still did not want to settle.

Walsh remembered, “a bowl was like looking into the milk.”

For this reason, the observations made by Batiskaf were quite limited. Piccard noticed a fish that resembled a pin fish a few seconds before touching the bottom. “I think it was less than a meter than us. Jacques was on the window and I saw the echo that measures our depth under the spine, he saw that bottom and fish. This was just before touching the bottom, the water is still clear.” said sailor.

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BATHYSCAPHE Gondolu

US Navy Electronic Laboratory

The researchers closed the electromagnets holding the platinum after 20 minutes at the bottom and started to rise. They had no other options – the device had no propeller, he could not stand in the air in the water column and move to another point. The upsp and landing down took the same time.

It is interesting that Trieste’s only meaningful observation (discovery of the cinema fish) has caused serious doubts among scientists. At first, his stories were not doubted due to insufficient knowledge of marine biology. Nezly years later, the presence of vertebrate life in Challenger Deep was questioned.

Therefore, despite large -scale research studies, it was not possible to detect a single fish at a depth of more than seven kilometers.

Moreover, it is known that ocean pressure changes the physicochemical properties of the cells, which leads to the destruction of proteins in it. Deep sea fish can survive under high pressure due to high -dose trimethylamine oxide that provide stability to proteins. But according to predictions Scientists say that their concentrations over a particular value have lost their effectiveness and can contribute to the survival of the vertebrates up to a depth of only 8200 meters.

It is likely that the sailor and the engineer have confused the sea cucumber (an invertebrates with a prickly animal) with the fishfish; Some types can be mixed with fish remotely. Unlike fish, sea cucumbers were discovered in 1995 by the Unmanned Japanese Kaiko spacecraft in Challenger Abyss.

Since then, Trieste has been serving in the US Navy and has been using it to search for sunken ships and submarines. Until 2012, director James Cameron’s Deepsea Challenger, no one landed in the Mariana Pit until 2012. Today, the standard way to immerse people there is the limiting factor apparatus that can move independently at depth, unlike Trieste.

Piccard and Walsh’s dive, Amunden and Scott’s discovery trips to the South Pole continues to be a record due to sporting interest in history. However, it had no significant impact on the world oceans and bottom studies.