When the body meets a cold, inflammatory proteins called cytokines surge through the immune system, they trigger the activity of enzymes that produce fever-promoting signals. These signals lead to subtle tremors in the muscles and a rise in body temperature. This sequence is explained by a neuroscientist from Sweden, who noted these reactions as part of the body’s defensive response to infection.
Fever starts as immune cells release pro-inflammatory cytokines. These molecules amplify the immune response, and some of them travel toward the brain to interact with the hypothalamus, the region that regulates body temperature. This interaction nudges the body to adjust its thermostat higher, initiating fever as a way to fight off invading pathogens.
Cytokines also stimulate the body to produce prostaglandins, which are chemical messengers that drive fever and contribute to the chills commonly felt during a cold. Prostaglandins influence the nervous system in ways that tighten blood vessels, making the body feel cooler even when it runs a fever.
In addition to temperature regulation, prostaglandins can briefly lower blood sugar by boosting heat production in brown fat. This extra heat helps supply energy during illness and can help the body mobilize stored glucose for immune processes.
The same researcher highlighted that chills and fever are natural components of the immune defense. The heightened temperature appears to enhance the activity of immune cells, increasing their effectiveness in addressing pathogens that have invaded the body.
For elderly individuals, questions often arise about strengthening immune resilience and reducing susceptibility to infections. Medical professionals emphasize a holistic approach that includes vaccination when available, adequate sleep, balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, hydration, and management of chronic conditions. While fever and chills can be uncomfortable, they are part of the body’s normal strategy to battle infections.