The GDF15 Hormone and Nausea in Pregnancy
The hormone GDF15 produced by the fetus is linked to nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. In some cases this can threaten the health of both the pregnant person and the developing baby. A study reported that giving women certain hormones before pregnancy may alleviate nausea, according to findings published by Nature researchers.
During pregnancy, about four in five women experience nausea and vomiting at some point, and a small minority face a more severe form known as hyperemesis gravidarum. This severe condition can cause significant weight loss, dehydration, and the need for hospitalization. These realities underscore the impact of nausea on daily life and medical care during pregnancy [Nature study].
A recent study identified a direct link between elevated GDF15 levels and the severity of nausea in expectant mothers. Individuals carrying mutations that heighten sensitivity to the hormone report more intense symptoms. Conversely, when a fetus inherits a mutation that lowers GDF15 production, the likelihood of developing hyperemesis may decrease for the mother [Genetic study notes].
Researchers have also observed that people with beta thalassemia, an inherited blood disorder, show lower rates of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. The explanation lies in chronically higher GDF15 levels in these patients, which appears to acclimate the body to the hormone over time [Clinical observation].
Animal studies in female mice indicate that administering low concentrations of GDF15 can prime sensitivity to the hormone and, in some cases, prevent nausea and vomiting even when high hormone doses are present. Scientists are considering testing this approach in women who experience hyperemesis and plan future pregnancies. In parallel, researchers are evaluating drugs that block GDF15 from binding to its brain receptor. These drugs are already under investigation for nausea and vomiting caused by cancer treatments and may be adapted for pregnancy related symptoms if proven safe and effective in humans [Pharmacology updates].
Experts emphasize that while the science is evolving, any new therapies must undergo rigorous safety assessments before being used in pregnant people or those planning pregnancy. The goal is to reduce the burden of nausea while ensuring maternal and fetal safety, with ongoing studies guiding the path from discovery to clinical use [Review articles].
As this field advances, healthcare providers continue to weigh the benefits and risks of emerging strategies. The ultimate objective is to improve comfort and health outcomes for pregnant individuals while preserving the well being of their unborn children, supported by a growing body of evidence and ongoing trials [Medical briefs].