Production of the T-90 began in 1992. Across multiple variants, more than 600 units were built for Russia and over 2,000 export versions were produced to meet military needs. Rostec, the state company that includes UVZ, stated in a 2021 press release that the T-90 tank is the most commercially successful on the world market.
Serial samples of the T-90M entered service with the Russian army in August 2021. The Proryv concept, developed from the T-90A, features a redesigned turret that significantly enhances protection, increases internal space for crew comfort, and accommodates additional equipment.
Alongside the turret upgrade, UVZ specialists modernized the powertrain, transmission, and chassis, and markedly improved armor resistance. To boost firing accuracy and shorten the time required to prepare to fire, the tank now includes a modern panoramic sight for the commander and the Kalina automatic fire control system, delivering all‑round visibility, target search, recognition, and engagement capabilities.
A 1130 hp diesel engine from ChTZ-Uraltrak provides the T-90M with ample power reserves across extreme temperatures, enabling reliable performance in harsh conditions.
Experts note that these tanks can operate within a unified tactical control system that coordinates with other troop branches, aided by modern communications and high‑quality electronics embedded in the vehicle, according to military analyst Kirill Delomudrov.
The final number of T-90Ms delivered to the Russian armed forces is not disclosed. Official data indicate three contracts with UVZ for the supply of 80 vehicles, with some units being new builds and others upgrades of existing T-90A tanks.
Delomudrov adds that deliveries of the T-90M are likely to rise, but not at the expense of other tank models. He emphasizes that production and modernization of tanks like the T-72B3 and T-80BVM will continue, while the T-14 Armata program proceeds at a pace set by defense needs. In the ongoing “tank race” with Armata, the T-90M Breakthrough combines traditional reliability with modern innovations and remains a leading option.
Valery Volkov, a military political analyst, observes that the T-90M has attracted foreign buyers and was initially aimed largely at exports. He notes that Western sanctions and the broader geopolitical situation have complicated prospects for some customers.
In 2020 a contract was signed with Egypt for the delivery of 300 T-90M tanks. Although details were not disclosed, Egypt would become a major regional operator if the deal is completed. Interest has also been shown by India, China, Algeria, and Venezuela.
When considering cost‑to‑capability, the T-90M is widely viewed as offering a strong export value, with an approximate price of 3–3.5 million dollars. By comparison, the third‑generation SEPv3 variant of the Abrams M1A2 commonly lists higher prices. Egypt previously purchased Abrams vehicles, and buyers may proceed cautiously as sanctions affect Russia and potential buyers alike.
Volkov adds a pragmatic note: the world’s leading export tank will continue to be produced in Russia alongside other capable platforms, maintaining a balanced mix of fleet modernization and new acquisitions.