Researchers from the University of Groningen identified the Atacama Desert in northern Chile as the sunniest region on Earth, delivering sunlight levels on par with those measured on Venus. The findings were reported in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, signaling a notable shift in our understanding of global solar exposure.
According to the study, solar radiation on the Altiplano high plateau reaches about 2177 watts per square meter. The researchers note that this intensity means a person on Venus, which sits about 28 percent closer to the Sun than Earth, could experience similar levels of solar energy. By comparison, the solar radiation at the top of Earth’s atmosphere averages around 1360 watts per square meter, underscoring the Altiplano’s exceptional exposure.
Despite the Altiplano’s strong solar input, the elevation of around 4000 meters generally brings cooler conditions. Yet this altitude does not diminish the overall solar dose; the plateau receives more sunlight than areas nearer the equator or at greater heights nearer the sea. The Atacama Desert, a stark arid plateau near the Andes, is recognized not only for its dryness but also as one of the oldest deserts in the world and a premier location for stargazing due to its clear skies.
The researchers explain that when solar radiation enters Earth’s atmosphere, it is absorbed by water vapor and scattered by clouds. These atmospheric interactions are less pronounced over high, dry landscapes like the Altiplano, which helps explain the elevated measured values. The study also cautions that intense solar exposure can raise the risk of skin cancer for individuals working in desert environments, emphasizing the importance of effective sun protection.
An experienced dermatologist previously commented on common mistakes people make when applying sunscreen, highlighting the need for proper, consistent skin protection in bright environments.