An international team of 100 scientists from around the world has identified a new ecoregion on the African continent: the South East African Mountain Archipelago (SEAMA). It shelters numerous rare and endemic species—plants and animals found nowhere else on Earth within its borders. The discovery marks a significant moment for regional biodiversity knowledge as researchers compile the findings from extensive fieldwork conducted over many years.
Researchers base their conclusions on results gathered from more than 30 expeditions carried out over the past two decades. The effort represents a long-term, collaborative study across national boundaries, reflecting a deep commitment to understanding Africa’s ecological complexity.
Geographically, the SEAMA Mountains extend from northern Mozambique to Malawi’s Mulanje Peak, which stands as the second highest summit in southern Africa. This range anchors the intricate mosaic of habitats that contribute to the archipelago’s distinct ecological identity and sets the stage for ongoing conservation discussions.
Biologists have documented 127 plant species and 90 species spanning amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, butterflies, and freshwater crabs within the ecoregion. All of these species are currently known to occur only within SEAMA, underscoring the archipelago’s extraordinary level of endemism and its importance as a reservoir of global biodiversity.
Despite its global significance, SEAMA faces serious threats. Since fieldwork began nearly 20 years ago, the region has lost a substantial portion of its rainforest cover, with losses reaching a fifth in some areas and approaching half in others. This rate of deforestation places SEAMA among the most rapid biodiversity losses observed in African rainforest systems, raising alarms about long-term ecological resilience.
At present, local communities play a pivotal role in safeguarding parts of the archipelago, providing a foundation for conservation actions. Authorities in Malawi and Mozambique are now urged to extend protections, strengthening formal safeguards to preserve SEAMA’s unique biological heritage for future generations.
The work surrounding SEAMA highlights the enduring importance of coordinated, cross-border research that informs policy and community-led conservation. As scientists continue to monitor changes and refine strategies, the region stands as a compelling case study in the balance between discovery, stewardship, and sustainable management of fragile, endemic-rich ecosystems.