Acne that appears in relation to the menstrual cycle is commonly tied to fluid balance and hormonal fluctuations that influence the skin. A gynecologist at the SM-Clinical Center for Reproductive Health notes that changes in sodium and water retention can affect the complexion, often becoming noticeable a few days before the start of a period.
During the second phase of the menstrual cycle, hormone levels shift in a way that promotes higher sebum production and can alter how the immune system interacts with the skin. This combination can create conditions that favor breakouts, especially on the face, where small clusters of blemishes may emerge as menstruation approaches.
Because these changes are partly driven by natural hormonal rhythms, many individuals experience temporary increases in oiliness and minor eruptions without any underlying health concerns. When breakouts are infrequent and do not accompany irregularities in the menstrual cycle, there is usually no reason for alarm about reproductive health.
Hyperandrogenism, a condition characterized by elevated male-type hormones, can also contribute to acne. In addition to facial breakouts, this scenario may be associated with irregular or reduced menstrual flow and may coincide with noticeable hair growth in areas such as the upper lip, chin, chest, back, and abdomen. In cases where acne appears alongside other symptoms, consulting a clinician is advisable to assess hormone levels and overall health.
For individuals experiencing persistent acne on the face, a dermatologist specializing in skin and sexually transmitted infections can provide a thorough evaluation. A gynecologist can review the patient’s medical history, perform a physical examination, and, if necessary, order laboratory tests to check hormone levels and other relevant parameters. The goal is to determine whether the acne is related to the menstrual cycle, hormonal imbalances, or another dermatological condition, and to craft an appropriate treatment plan.
Understanding how hormonal fluctuations influence skin health can help individuals manage expectations and select suitable skincare strategies. Simple steps, such as maintaining a consistent cleansing routine, using noncomedogenic products, and avoiding harsh irritants, can reduce irritation and pore blockage during sensitive periods. When acne becomes more bothersome or persistent, medical guidance can lead to targeted interventions that address both skin health and hormonal balance.
Overall, many cases of premenstrual acne reflect normal physiological processes. Monitoring the timing and pattern of breakouts, along with awareness of other hormonal symptoms, enables informed discussions with healthcare providers. With early assessment and appropriate care, most individuals experience improvement in skin clarity as the cycle progresses and hormonal levels stabilize after menstruation ends.