World Health Organization reports show Parkinson’s disease cases have doubled over the past two and a half decades, reaching about 8.5 million people in 2019.
Parkinson’s is a progressive brain disorder. It is defined by motor symptoms such as slowness, tremor, stiffness, and a tendency to stumble or lose balance, along with a wide range of non-motor effects like cognitive changes, mood issues, chronic pain, and sensory disturbances.
Motor problems can include involuntary movements and painful muscle contractions that interfere with speaking, moving, and carrying out daily activities. As symptoms advance, daily function and independence decline, leading to greater disability, higher care needs, and increased strain on caregivers and families.
Taken together, these changes underscore the growing impact of the disease on disability and mortality. Parkinson’s has shown a faster rise in burden than many other neurological conditions. Estimates from the period indicate a substantial increase in years lived with disability and a rise in deaths compared with earlier years, reflecting the widening toll of the disease.
Despite its significant impact, disparities in resources and access to care remain a major challenge, especially in lower‑ and middle‑income countries. Data from global health mappings show that access to specialists and comprehensive care varies widely by region, with far fewer neurologists and care options available in less affluent areas compared with wealthier regions. This gap affects timely diagnosis, treatment, and ongoing management for many patients.
For these reasons, global health authorities emphasize the need for coordinated policies that prioritize Parkinson’s disease. The aim is to strengthen education and awareness, reduce risk factors where possible, and ensure reliable access to effective treatment and health services for all populations.