During the peak of summer, many people are drawn to city fountains for a quick cool-down. Yet swimming in these public waters remains illegal in most places, and for good reason. The absence of routine disinfection and the open design of fountains can turn them into reservoirs for unseen pathogens. This risk is supported by observations from medical professionals who study waterborne illnesses and public health data. The danger isn’t just theoretical—it’s about what can happen when people assume fountain water is safe for contact and short-term immersion, especially when they are outdoors in hot weather.
A fountain operates as a continuous loop of treated water designed primarily for aesthetic appeal, not for drinking or bathing. Unlike pools, it typically lacks a dedicated filtration and disinfection system, and additives like chlorine are not standard. In such environments, microorganisms carried in dust, from urban birds, or transported by street animals can accumulate over time. When someone dives into the fountain, they risk transferring these microbes to themselves and potentially creating a new pathway for infection. This is a practical concern for families with children who might not fully appreciate the hazards of public water features [Citation: Gemotest Laboratory].
Special attention is required for eye, ear, and skin exposure. Parasites and irritants present in fountain water can irritate delicate tissues and mucous membranes. If pathogens enter the eye or ear, they may cause inflammation, discomfort, or more serious infections. Skin exposure can lead to redness, itching, and rashes, particularly after prolonged contact or on sensitive areas of the body. Such outcomes underscore why avoiding submersion in fountain water is a prudent choice for people of all ages [Citation: Gemotest Laboratory].
Beyond these concerns, fountains can harbor intestinal pathogens. Enteric bacteria and viruses including certain strains of E. coli and rotaviruses have been found in public waters, and they can trigger gastrointestinal distress such as diarrhea, cramps, and vomiting. In more severe scenarios, pathogens like Salmonella and Shigella can cause significant illness if ingested or if contaminated hands touch the mouth. While cholera and typhoid fever are less common in developed urban centers, the possibility exists wherever contaminated water is present, especially after heavy rainfall or inadequate maintenance [Citation: Gemotest Laboratory].
Viral infections are also a risk when water quality is compromised. Hepatitis A, a virus that affects the liver and can impair its function, can survive in water for extended periods under certain conditions. While not every fountain will harbor such a virus, the potential for persistence highlights the importance of not drinking or swimming in non-potable public waters. Electric components and decorative lighting add another layer of risk: unfamiliarity with the equipment could lead to injuries if a person accidentally touches exposed wiring or moving parts. This is a reminder that public fountains are designed for visual enjoyment, not personal recreation [Citation: Gemotest Laboratory].
Experts consistently advise exercising caution around fountains. Neither adults nor children should climb into or submerge themselves in these features. If swimming is desired, outdoor pools operated by city services in the summer provide safer alternatives. Such facilities are typically well-maintained—water is filtered, disinfected, and routinely tested to ensure it meets sanitary standards. When using beaches or pools, looking for posted health notices or certificates can offer reassurance that the water quality has been checked and recorded. In short, fountains are for looking, not for swimming; this simple rule helps protect public health and personal well-being [Citation: Gemotest Laboratory].