The keto diet aims to shift the body into using fat as the main fuel for the brain, rather than relying on glucose from a standard mixed diet. This approach was explained to socialbites.ca by Elena Kiseleva, a general practitioner and endocrinologist at INVITRO-Voronezh, who outlined both the advantages and limitations of such a plan.
According to the expert, the typical macronutrient split for the ketogenic diet is about 20-25% protein, 70% fat, and 5-10% carbohydrates. Preference is given to non-starchy, gluten-free carbohydrates when carbohydrates are included in the diet.
“The keto approach can support weight loss and help prevent insulin resistance. It may also protect the liver, reduce the levels of harmful lipid fractions, lower blood sugar, and decrease brain hyperactivity in epilepsy. Beyond that, it can have anti-inflammatory effects in autoimmune conditions and may influence the progression of certain neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, autism, and multiple sclerosis. There is evidence suggesting a lower risk of some cancers with this eating pattern,” the doctor noted.
There are clear prohibitions for certain groups. The keto diet is not suitable for individuals with severe heart conditions, non-renal or renal and liver failure, or proven enzyme deficiencies. It is also not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women.
There are also relative contraindications. These include gallbladder issues, chronic or post-surgical gastrointestinal conditions, Gilbert’s syndrome, familial hypercholesterolemia, kidney stones, gout, and diabetes, particularly type 1. In these scenarios, the keto plan can be followed under medical supervision to monitor safety and efficacy, the physician added.
The keto diet has applications for epilepsy, especially when seizures resist medication. The benefits were first observed in this context. It is also considered for obesity, metabolic syndrome, carbohydrate metabolism disorders such as prediabetes, lipid disorders like dyslipidemia, and conditions including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, cancers, and various inflammatory autoimmune diseases. In practice, the diet is also used by healthy individuals, including athletes, to support performance and body composition.
One of the most challenging complications is ketoacidosis, a dangerous buildup of ketones in the blood that can lead to coma or worse, particularly in people with diabetes. Another possible side effect is ketoflu, a set of symptoms including fatigue, dizziness, concentration problems, headaches, sleep disturbances, irritability, thirst, frequent urination, and mood swings. These effects can begin when the diet is first adopted. The recommendation is to reduce carbohydrates gradually rather than sharply eliminating them, to give the body time to adapt, the endocrinologist explained.
Additionally, the clinician warned that the keto plan may increase the risk of kidney stones, gallbladder flare-ups, pancreatitis, cardiovascular issues, and constipation due to reduced plant fiber intake. These potential downsides underscore the importance of a balanced approach and medical oversight, especially for individuals with preexisting conditions or those taking medications.
Earlier studies from Voronezh suggested that a ketogenic pattern could offer protective benefits to brain cells after a stroke, highlighting a possible role in neuroprotection and recovery. While promising, these findings require careful interpretation and further research to confirm safety and effectiveness across diverse populations.