Researchers at the Institute of Biology of the State University of Campinas in Brazil have reported that molecules capable of inhibiting a protein named IL-22BP can shape the gut microbiome in ways that strengthen defenses against infections. The findings appear in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, a key scientific journal. [Attribution: Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Brazil]
In mouse experiments, IL-22BP, a protein that binds to interleukin 22, was shown to lower the level of IL-22 necessary to sustain a healthy intestinal barrier. This protein helps protect the intestinal lining and supports the production of antimicrobial substances. Mice that lacked IL-22BP demonstrated enhanced resistance to intestinal infections caused by Clostridioides difficile and Citrobacter rodentium. [Attribution: PNAS study]
To test whether strengthening intestinal immunity could be achieved artificially, scientists transferred gut bacteria from IL-22BP–deficient mice into normal mice. The recipients then exhibited improved resistance to the pathogens Clostridioides difficile and Citrobacter rodentium, indicating that the transplanted microbiota played a role in bolstering defense. [Attribution: PNAS study]
The researchers explained that the beneficial shifts in the microbial community stem from increased production of short-chain fatty acids when IL-22BP is absent. These fatty acids help support the intestinal environment by reducing inflammation and reinforcing the mucosal barrier. They are generated by intestinal microbes during the fermentation of dietary fiber, linking diet to gut health in a direct way. [Attribution: PNAS study]
Looking ahead, the team plans to assess the potential of IL-22BP inhibitors in animal models and in clinical trials for treating serious intestinal infections. They also intend to explore how different types and amounts of dietary fiber influence the production of short-chain fatty acids and the resulting intestinal resilience. [Attribution: PNAS study]
Earlier work in related fields has noted connections between gastrointestinal diseases and damage to cerebral vessels, highlighting the broader importance of gut–brain interactions and mucosal integrity in overall health. [Attribution: Prior literature]