People often ask why some drinks seem to trigger stronger hangovers than others. The answer involves the subtle chemistry inside each beverage. Substances formed during fermentation, known as congeners, contribute to taste, aroma and color and can influence how harsh a next-day state feels. Higher congener levels are typically found in darker drinks, while clearer options tend to have fewer of these compounds. In practical terms, this means that choosing lighter drinks may reduce the intensity of aftereffects for some individuals, though the total amount of alcohol consumed remains a primary driver of hangover severity.
In this area of study, researchers have explored how different beverages compare. One line of investigation involved groups of participants who consumed decaffeinated cola, vodka, or bourbon and later rated their post-intoxication feelings. The results suggested that the bourbon group reported a stronger sense of hangover symptoms, consistent with its higher congener content and its overall intoxication level. While these findings support the congener hypothesis for certain individuals, the overall picture remains nuanced and varies with personal tolerance and metabolism.
Another factor that can worsen hangover symptoms is histamine, a compound present in some foods and drinks. Histamine is common in aged cheeses, certain meats and fish, sauerkraut, and some wines, including red varieties. Some people experience headaches, digestive discomfort, or other reactions when histamine processing is impaired. The body uses an enzyme called diamine oxidase to break down histamine, and a deficiency in this enzyme can amplify sensitivity to histamine-rich foods and beverages. For those affected, red wine may be more likely to provoke symptoms compared with other drinks.
Despite these observations, there is no universally safe alcoholic beverage. The total amount of alcohol consumed remains the central factor in hangover risk. The relationship between intake and post-drink discomfort is direct and personal, influenced by genetics, overall health, and drinking context. A careful approach to consumption, staying hydrated, and pacing can help manage aftereffects for many people.
Historically, experts have also debunked myths about processed foods and health risks. The broader lesson is clear: moderation, awareness of individual sensitivities, and informed choices matter when it comes to reducing unpleasant aftereffects from drinking.