Researchers at Aarhus University in Denmark have identified 27 genomic variants linked to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as reported in a study published in Nature Genetics. The finding represents a substantial increase in known risk variants, more than doubling the count previously identified in earlier work. These results come from an analysis that scanned more than six million genetic variants across 38,000 individuals diagnosed with ADHD and 186,000 without the condition, shedding new light on the biological roots of ADHD (Nature Genetics).
The study reveals that the genes associated with ADHD tend to be most active in a broad network of brain tissues and during early brain development. This pattern suggests that ADHD should be understood as a developmental disorder of the brain, shaped by genetic factors that influence early neural formation and maturation. In particular, several identified genes appear to modulate dopamine production, offering a genetic explanation for the dopamine imbalance often observed in people with ADHD (Nature Genetics).
Beyond the genetic associations, the researchers also integrated cognitive performance data from a separate group of about 5,000 individuals. They found that higher genetic risk for ADHD corresponded with measurable differences in cognitive skills, including reading and mathematics performance, as well as attention and short-term memory. These associations reinforce the view that ADHD involves interconnected neurodevelopmental pathways that influence learning and concentration across different life stages (Nature Genetics).
Taken together, the findings emphasize that ADHD is not simply a collection of behavioral symptoms but a complex brain-wide condition rooted in developmental genetics. By mapping how specific DNA variants relate to brain development and cognitive function, researchers are building a more precise genetic framework for ADHD that could guide future research, diagnosis, and potential therapies. The study underscores the importance of early brain development and neurotransmitter signaling in ADHD and highlights the potential for targeted interventions that align with an individual’s genetic profile (Nature Genetics).
As science progresses, this expanding catalog of ADHD-related genetic variants moves the field closer to understanding why certain brain regions respond differently during childhood and adolescence. It also points to why some individuals experience persistent attention challenges, while others show resilience or compensatory strengths in other cognitive domains. The ongoing work aims to translate genetic insights into practical approaches for assessment and personalized support, benefiting families, educators, and clinicians who navigate ADHD in diverse populations (Nature Genetics).