Gastritis: Causes, Risk Factors, and Prevention in Everyday Life
Gastritis is an ailment that harms the inner lining of the stomach and disrupts its everyday functions. The greatest concern is that it can become ongoing, paving the way for peptic ulcers or even stomach cancer. Gastroenterologist, nutritionist, and endoscopist at SM-Clinic, Anastasia Chizhikova, spoke with socialbites.ca about the main reasons behind the development of gastritis.
Chizhikova explains that chronic gastritis is driven by two broad groups of factors: external and internal. Among external factors, infection with Helicobacter pylori stands out as a key culprit. These bacteria release substances that prompt the stomach to produce more acid and simultaneously damage the protective mucus layer lining the stomach walls. This combination makes the mucous membrane more vulnerable to acid and digestive enzymes, leading to tissue damage, inflammation, and, over time, ulcers.
The physician also points to everyday habits that contribute to the condition, such as irregular meal patterns, eating too quickly, and not chewing food thoroughly. A diet heavy in spicy foods, seasonings, marinades, and smoked meats can aggravate the stomach lining and intensify symptoms.
Chronic stress is another important internal factor. It can alter the digestive system by increasing gastric acid production, boosting the force of stomach contractions, and diminishing the protective barriers of the stomach lining. These changes set the stage for mucosal damage and the inflammatory processes characteristic of gastritis.
Alcohol consumption and long-term smoking are additional risk factors. Alcohol can disrupt the stomach’s natural mucus production, impair blood flow, and slow cell regeneration. Prolonged smoking tends to stimulate excess acid production, further stressing the stomach lining.
There is a clear warning against consuming substances that irritate the gastric mucosa. Expired foods and certain medications can be particularly problematic. Some medications, when used over extended periods, may cause serious damage to the gastric mucosa, especially in the antrum and the duodenum. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs are among the medications often implicated in such harm, according to the medical professional.
External factors extend to exposure to radiation. Stomach exposure to radiation up to 15 Gy can damage the walls of the stomach, though recovery usually occurs within about four months. Surpassing this dose may lead to irreversible outcomes, including ulcers and fibrosis within the stomach tissue.
Genetic predisposition, duodenogastric reflux, autoimmune mechanisms, allergic reactions, metabolic-endocrine disorders, tissue hypoxia, and vitamin deficiencies are also cited as potential contributors. Reflux of intestinal contents and bile into the stomach can damage the mucosa and trigger degenerative tissue changes, while immune and metabolic factors might influence susceptibility and progression. Other influences include reflex effects from affected organs and overall nutritional status.
Experts emphasize that maintaining a regular, balanced diet, quitting harmful habits, and using medications correctly can help prevent gastritis or reduce its risk. These practical measures support the stomach’s natural defenses and promote a healthier digestive tract overall.
Ultimately, understanding the balance between external triggers and internal responses is key. For individuals who experience persistent stomach discomfort, it is important to seek medical evaluation to determine whether gastritis is present and to identify the most effective course of action for relief and long-term health.
In everyday life, the approach to stomach health should emphasize consistency, moderate choices, and attention to how the body reacts to different foods and habits. A steady routine, mindful eating, and responsible lifestyle choices lay the groundwork for fewer symptoms and a stronger, more resilient digestive system.