Diabetes can affect the feet in meaningful ways, reducing sensation and increasing the risk of infections. Proper foot hygiene and selecting suitable footwear are essential precautions for those living with the condition.
Data from TK Home Solutions, a leading expert in home stair lifts, indicate that three in ten people with diabetes face a lifelong high risk of diabetic foot problems. Given this, prevention is crucial, as studies predict that eight in ten issues related to the diabetic foot can be avoided with the right precautions.
Core preventive measures emphasize diligent foot hygiene and choosing footwear that protects and supports the feet. Since any injury can lead to complications for people with diabetes, it’s also wise to adapt the home to lower the chance of accidents that could result in fractures.
Experts at TK Home Solutions share practical guidance on what to consider when selecting shoes:
1. Wide toe box
Diabetics benefit from shoes with ample room at the front so toes can move freely. Tight footwear can cause sweating, irritation, or fungal growth. Square or rectangular shoe shapes with a roomy toe area are commonly recommended.
2. Correct sizing
While the foot should have some freedom of movement, buying shoes that are larger than the daily size can cause the foot to slide inside the shoe, increasing ulcer risk. The ideal model holds the foot well without excessive pressure. Many people with diabetes prefer lace-up or velcro closures to adjust fit as swelling changes or depending on socks worn.
3. Avoid open-toed shoes
Closed shoes protect the feet from pebbles and other objects that can cause injury, particularly for individuals with reduced sensation. Closed designs help minimize unnoticed injuries.
4. Choose the right material
Quality materials are preferred over synthetics, as fungi and bacteria thrive in moist, warm environments. The material should be flexible and breathable to keep the foot comfortable.
5. Thick soles and reinforced heels
Soles should be sturdy to shield the foot from sharp objects and avoid slipping. Heels between two and five centimeters in height are common, with reinforcement as needed. If insoles are used, shoes should accommodate them comfortably.
6. Padded interior
The interior, especially the entry area, should be cushioned to reduce friction. Models without internal seams are advantageous for sensitive feet.
7. Light colors preferred
Light tones absorb less heat, helping feet stay cooler. In climates with varying temperatures, it can be useful to have both a warmer, more ventilated option for different days.
8. Shop in the afternoon
The best time to buy is in the late afternoon when feet tend to swell, ensuring a proper fit for walking all day. This minimizes the risk of choosing a shoe that feels tight the next day.
9. Try both feet
Since many people have one foot larger than the other, it’s important to try shoes on both feet and assess comfort by walking in them in the store. This helps detect any uncomfortable sensation or pressure points.
Maintaining proper foot care and hygiene is key to preventing injuries that could lead to serious complications. Experts highlight the daily care needed for diabetic feet:
Observe the feet daily
Careful, daily observation is essential. Look for sores, blisters, or redness. If anything is found, cleanse with neutral soap and warm water, apply a mild antiseptic, and cover with a sterile, non-adhesive dressing. When in doubt, seek medical advice.
Always clean and dry
After showers, feet should be thoroughly dried, especially between the toes. Socks should be changed daily to prevent moisture buildup, which can lead to skin issues or infections.
Special nail care
For those at risk of cutting nails, filing is preferred. If trimming is necessary, nails should be cut straight across with smooth edges to avoid injuring the surrounding tissue.
Do not manipulate calluses
Calluses and hard skin should not be aggressively handled. Podiatrists provide specialized foot care.
Wear suitable socks
Socks should be made of natural fibers such as cotton, linen, or wool and be seamless. Walking barefoot indoors should be avoided to reduce injury risk.
Do not apply heat directly to the feet
Direct heat, including electric blankets or hot water bottles, should be avoided. Always test bath or shower water temperature to prevent burns due to impaired sensation.
Monitor new footwear
When introducing new shoes, avoid wearing them for more than 30 minutes on the first day to check for sores or discomfort. Gradually increase wear time as comfort improves.
Inspect shoes before wearing
Before putting on footwear, ensure there are no debris inside and that the material is intact without folds, wrinkles, holes, or damage.
Home safety advice
Home should be arranged to minimize risk. Medicines should be kept in a consistent place, with extra supplies available in case of shortages. A transparent container helps visibility.
If a diabetic person lives with relatives, it helps for others to understand the condition, show empathy for mood shifts or changes in routine, and support in a respectful way. Removing items that could cause tripping or falls is wise, and for multi-story homes a stairlift may be very helpful to prevent injuries.