Researchers from two major American universities have found that the ultraviolet light emitted by nail lamps can damage human cell DNA. The findings were published in Nature Communications, signaling a need to reexamine the safety of common manicure tools.
Manicure lamps vary, but most rely on near ultraviolet light (UVA). This spectrum is part of sunlight that reaches Earth, and exposure to ultraviolet rays is known to trigger DNA mutations linked to skin cancer. Prolonged sun exposure or frequent use of tanning devices is not advised for this reason.
Some benefits are tied to ultraviolet exposure in limited amounts, including vitamin D synthesis and potential boosts to cognitive and physical performance, wound healing, and overall well‑being. Yet extended, intense exposure raises the risk of various diseases, including cancer. The relationship between ultraviolet exposure and cancer risk has long been studied, with many studies suggesting a connection between UV-emitting devices and skin cancer, particularly with sunbathing .
Doctor Alexander Seryakov, chief oncologist at SM-Clinic, commented that while the data on nail lamp risks is not yet definitive, concerns about UV exposure remain a topic of careful evaluation .
Nevertheless, current evidence does not conclusively confirm a risk from nail lamp use itself. Caution and further research are advised as scientists continue to study how these devices affect human skin over time.
Damage and Mutations
Laboratory tests with human and mouse skin cells showed that 20–30 percent of cells died after two 20-minute exposures to a manicure lamp. In survivors, researchers observed DNA damage and mutations that could be associated with skin cancer. It is important to note that results from cell lines do not fully replicate real human skin, and the experimental exposure was higher than typical manicure sessions, which usually involve about 10 minutes of lamp time in total .
LED nail lamps use ultraviolet LEDs that emit light in the 315 to 400 nanometer range, a segment close to ultraviolet. The radiation power can be high, which helps polish cure quickly but can be harmful to skin cells. Ultraviolet light is sometimes described as having bactericidal properties due to its ionizing nature, though the health implications for regular users require careful interpretation .
Some experts liken LED nail lamps to a focused sun exposure on the fingertips. Andreev notes that sunlight delivers a far lower rate of ultraviolet radiation compared to artificial lamps, and suggests that curing nail polish with LED lamps may be more efficient than relying on sunlight .
Who Can Be Affected
Some health authorities acknowledge uncertainty around the skin cancer risk linked to manicure lamps but emphasize prudent use. They recommend protective measures to minimize ultraviolet exposure, such as gloves with finger openings during manicure or applying sunscreen to hands with pigmented moles beforehand. In general, people with sensitive skin or a history of photosensitive reactions should be especially cautious with UV lamp use, and discussing UV exposure with a healthcare provider is advised if medications or cosmetics that increase photosensitivity are involved .
While there are no established contraindications to UV lamp manicures, health professionals advise awareness of radiation strength, spectrum range, glass type, and device lifespan, as these factors influence the potential impact on skin. Many users may not accurately control their UV dose, which can lead to overdosing and related issues .
Overall, a healthy person who uses manicure lamps in moderation is unlikely to face serious cancer risk, burns, or notable photoaging of the hands. Those with very sensitive skin, frequent redness or peeling, or a history of skin cancer should be extra cautious. Photosensitivity from certain medications or cosmetics can heighten risk, and dermatology guidance is recommended for any ongoing concerns .
Individuals with pigmented moles on their hands or feet are advised to avoid UV nail lamp use or to employ high-SPF protection and UV‑blocked gloves with finger tips. Those with eczema, psoriasis, systemic diseases, or close relatives with skin cancer should be conservative with UV lamp exposure, and medical advice should be sought when photosensitivity medications are involved. For anyone with a history of skin cancer, UV lamp use in manicures and pedicures should be avoided where possible .