British dermatologist Christina Psomadakis and oculoplastic surgeon Sabrina Shah-Desai explain that the appearance of dark circles under the eyes varies with facial structure, age, and how much ultraviolet light someone is exposed to. In a report noted by Daily Mail, these factors come together to influence under-eye coloration.
They point out that dark circles are frequently observed in people of Indian, Spanish, Middle Eastern, and Far East Asian heritage. The deeper skin tones in these populations can contribute to a more noticeable shadow under the eyes, especially when the forehead is prominent or the eyes sit slightly forward. In such cases, the geometry of the face creates shadows on the lower eyelids that are perceived as dark circles. But lighter-skinned individuals can also show epidermal color changes beneath the eyes, underscoring that facial anatomy and pigment interact in complex ways rather than a single cause.
The eye specialist notes that aging causes skin to lose elasticity, which alters how light reflects off the area beneath the eyes. This reduced reflectivity can deepen the appearance of under-eye darkness. Additional influences include sun exposure without protection, high-energy visible light from screens and devices, and air pollution, all of which can drive hyperpigmentation in the periorbital region and create the look of dark bags. This alignment of aging, lifestyle, and environmental factors helps explain why dark circles are so common and why they can feel persistent for many people.
Practical steps are suggested to improve skin tone around the eyes. Limiting alcohol, quitting cigarettes, and reducing caffeine intake may support healthier skin across the face. Getting adequate sleep is also emphasized; aiming for six to eight hours with the head elevated can help reduce fluid buildup that contributes to darkness. Consistency in nightly routines, gentle skin care, and sun protection are cited as essential components in maintaining a brighter under-eye appearance over time.
In addition to lifestyle changes, clinicians note that skincare missteps can aggravate conditions around the eyes. It is important to follow evidence-based routines and seek professional advice if dermatitis or other skin concerns arise. Routine skin checks, sun protection, and mindful product selection can contribute to overall skin health and help mitigate some visible signs of aging around the eyes.