Tampons and pads have been linked to the presence of substances that can disrupt the endocrine system, a finding reported in a peer‑reviewed study published in BJOG: International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The study highlights that everyday menstrual products may expose users to chemicals that interfere with hormonal regulation, raising questions about long‑term health implications for people who menstruate.
In this newer analysis, researchers reviewed 15 studies published from 2013 to 2023 that tested menstrual products sold in the United States, Japan, and South Korea. The collective evidence shows that tampons and pads can contain a range of chemicals known to affect the endocrine system, such as phthalates, volatile organic compounds, parabens, phenols, fragrance ingredients, dioxins, and dioxin‑like compounds. Notably, the available data on menstrual cups and discs is more limited, indicating a gap in understanding the safety profile of these alternatives across different populations and products.
Materials in pads and tampons come into contact with skin and mucous membranes that are highly permeable. This means substances present in these products can potentially cross into the bloodstream, where they may interact with hormonal systems. Previous research has suggested that such exposure could influence hormone levels and contribute to health concerns over time. Some studies have drawn connections between prolonged exposure to certain chemicals and conditions affecting reproductive health, including gynecologic disorders like endometriosis and uterine fibroids. In many cases, the chemicals involved resemble naturally occurring hormones in structure, which can complicate the body’s hormonal balance and metabolic processes.
For consumers, this underscores the importance of ongoing research and transparent labeling. While the current body of evidence points to possible endocrine‑active exposures from traditional menstrual products, more rigorous, long‑term studies are needed to fully understand risk levels, vulnerable groups, and how product design and materials can minimize exposure. Health professionals emphasize informed choices, encouraging readers to consider product alternatives, review ingredient lists, and stay updated with emerging findings from credible sources such as peer‑reviewed journals and regulatory assessments. In the meantime, individuals are advised to monitor any unusual symptoms and consult healthcare providers if concerns arise about menstrual health or hormone balance. The scientific community continues to evaluate the safety of all commonly used menstrual products, weighing benefits against potential risks and seeking clearer guidance for safer options. [Attribution: BJOG: International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2023 study compilation]