Researchers at a major research institution conducted a study to identify molecular signals that may indicate autism risk. By examining a broad panel of chemicals in maternal blood during mid pregnancy and in newborn cord blood, the team aimed to understand how early biological markers relate to later autism outcomes. The investigation tracked thousands of chemical measurements across hundreds of maternal samples and newborns, focusing on how these substances reflect inflammatory processes, cell membrane dynamics, and neural communication, all of which can influence brain development.
Across the samples, the scientists found several chemical compounds that showed a correlation with an increased likelihood of receiving an autism diagnosis between early childhood and school age. These compounds have historically been linked to inflammation, disruptions in membrane integrity, impaired neurotransmission, and neurotoxic effects. Notably, some substances were associated with cognitive outcomes that appeared more prominent in girls than in boys, suggesting potential sex-specific biological pathways in the development of autism spectrum conditions.
The identification of these compounds helps illuminate the biological sequence that may contribute to autism. In addition to advancing understanding, these findings raise the possibility of developing early detection strategies and guiding future interventions that could support children at higher risk, potentially enabling earlier support and targeted therapies during critical windows of neurodevelopment.