Researchers at the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) are steadily advancing humanoid robots to assist in space exploration and operations. They recently outlined their progress to journalists from Reuters and other outlets, highlighting how robotic systems could complement human crews in challenging space environments.
One notable example is the Valkyrie android, standing about 188 centimeters tall and weighing around 136 kilograms. This machine is engineered to operate where conditions are hazardous for people, such as disaster zones on Earth, and engineers are exploring how its design can be adapted for the even more demanding realities of space. The idea is to extend robotic capabilities for tasks that are risky, repetitive, or physically demanding in orbit and on other celestial bodies, reducing the exposure of human astronauts to danger while preserving mission flexibility and efficiency [NASA citation].
According to Sean Azimi, NASA’s chief of robotics, Valkyrie could be tasked with risky duties like cleaning solar panels, inspecting exterior equipment, and performing diagnostic checks outside a spacecraft. The goal is not to replace astronauts but to free them from tedious, dirty, and dangerous work so they can focus on critical problem solving, science, and exploration activities [NASA citation].
Another potential humanoid collaborator is Android Apollo, developed by Apptronik, a Texas-based company. Initially designed as a warehouse worker capable of lifting and stacking pallets and moving packages, Apollo has attracted NASA’s attention because of its high degree of autonomy. The android is capable of near-continuous operation and can manage its own battery swaps every four hours, enabling sustained activity with minimal downtime [Apptronik project notes].
Apptronik’s engineers are focused on expanding the programming behind these machines so they can perform a broader range of tasks not only in controlled warehouses and workshops but also in more variable, unstructured environments. The objective is to equip the software with the versatility needed for a future where such robots could operate in space settings, assisting with maintenance, exploration, and routine duties as missions extend to more distant locations [Apptronik white paper].
Historically, international efforts have produced other space-focused robotics concepts, including discussions around moon-adapted exemplars such as the concept demonstrations seen at Star City. These efforts illustrate the ongoing drive to integrate mechanical assistants into space missions, each contributing to a growing ecosystem of autonomous and semi-autonomous systems designed to support human explorers in increasingly demanding locales [Star City testimony].