Bariatric surgery, which involves reducing the size of the stomach and shortening portions of the small intestine, is considered for people with a body mass index (BMI) above 35 kg/m2 who have struggled with weight since the onset of serious health issues. This approach typically comes into play in the second stage of obesity management when traditional methods have not produced lasting results. Health authorities in several countries highlight its potential to accelerate weight loss and improve associated health problems, but they also stress that it should be viewed as a last resort after exhausting safer options.
Early intervention matters. When treatment begins promptly, individuals often see quicker progress in shedding pounds, which can reduce the risk of obesity-related complications. These complications extend beyond metabolic conditions to include cardiovascular disease, joint disorders, and liver disease. In practice, the goal is to prevent long-term damage and improve overall quality of life by addressing weight-related health risks sooner rather than later.
Current guidelines vary by region. In some places, bariatric procedures are funded for people with diabetes and a BMI over 40 kg/m2. In others, the threshold is lower, with consideration given to individuals with a BMI of 35 kg/m2 or higher who have obesity-related conditions. It is important to understand that bariatric surgery is an extreme measure and is not a first-line treatment. It is recommended only after non-surgical options such as nutrition plans, physical activity, and weight-loss medications have proven ineffective or unsuitable for the patient.