New findings from researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Maryland highlight a clear link between diet and long-term health outcomes, specifically noting that the risk of early death from diabetes and heart disease rises when ultra-processed foods are a major part of daily intake. The insights were shared as part of the NUTRITION 2024 program, the annual meeting platform of the American Association for Nutrition, where leading scientists gather to discuss the latest discoveries in nutrition science.
The study analyzed health and dietary data from more than 540,000 individuals who joined various long-term research projects beginning in the mid-1990s. At enrollment, participants were between 50 and 71 years old. Researchers quantified the total consumption of ultra-processed foods, which include items such as mass-produced snacks, sugary beverages, fast food, and other highly processed products. They then explored associations between specific foods or food groups and the development of chronic diseases over time, aiming to understand how modern dietary patterns influence disease risk and mortality.
The results indicate that high consumption of certain ultra-processed categories is linked with the greatest increases in the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In addition, those with the heaviest intake of these foods showed a higher likelihood of dying from complications associated with these conditions. The findings add to a growing body of evidence that highly processed foods can contribute to adverse health outcomes when consumed frequently or in large amounts, underscoring the importance of dietary patterns that emphasize minimally processed foods, fiber-rich options, and balanced nutrition.
Meanwhile, earlier work in nutrition science has explored the role of traditional vegetables in disease risk reduction. Some studies have suggested that vegetables such as cabbage and turnips may contribute to lower obesity and diabetes risk when included as part of a diverse, plant-forward diet. This broader view of nutrition highlights the value of a varied diet that includes a spectrum of vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, while limiting ultra-processed items to support heart and metabolic health over the lifespan. These evolving findings reflect ongoing efforts to translate laboratory and cohort research into practical guidance for individuals seeking to prevent chronic diseases and improve overall well-being.