The broad potential of CRISPR gene editing continues to astonish scientists worldwide. In a bold experiment aimed at modifying a species’ biology, researchers have altered the flowering rate of a poplar tree, suggesting the possibility of creating customized bloom schedules in an evergreen cycle.
The switchable flowering cycle observed in poplars is common in temperate and cold northern regions. Typically, these trees take seven to ten years to flower. A straightforward genetic tweak, however, could trigger flowering in as little as four months. The findings emerged from a study conducted by researchers at the University of Georgia and are discussed in a leading botanical journal. The report is cited in New Phytologist.
Chung-Jui Tsai, a geneticist associated with the Georgia Research Alliance, describes this development as a major milestone for research progress.
Using CRISPR to regulate a gene that normally suppresses flowering, scientists show that the period before bloom can be compressed from seven years to three or four months. The development timeline for flower organs has also shortened from roughly a year to mere days, according to Tsai.
They also alter the sex expression of trees
With the flowering cycle shortened, the team explored additional genetic pathways, including those that influence sex expression in female poplars. Within months, the researchers observed new male flowers, demonstrating successful manipulation of sex traits in these trees.
This new approach is poised to change how tree research is conducted. Historically, studies in this field have spanned decades, especially when compared to crop research. Shortening the flowering cycle enables controlled crosses and faster evaluation of which traits are valuable or adaptable.
In addition, the work points to traits that could help trees tolerate drought or temperature extremes, potentially accelerating adaptation to climate change. The study notes an unexpected advantage in poplar flower development: female trees can develop both male and female flowers on the same plant in a phenomenon known as trimono formation, though in nature male and female poplars are typically clearly differentiated.
Fewer fluffy seeds may reduce allergies
A further genetic pressure appears to reduce the formation of fluffy seeds used for spring breeding in these species. While this observation requires more study, the researchers suggest it could bring welcome relief to allergy sufferers in the future.
Experts say the discoveries provide a molecular basis for creating hairless seeds that could lessen the spread of allergens in cities and managed forests. This work opens up many new opportunities for understanding the basic reproduction of these woody trees and how they can be guided to adapt more quickly to changing conditions.
These findings underscore the potential for faster, more controlled research into tree reproduction, enabling scientists to test trait combinations more rapidly than in the past.
While the results are promising, ongoing studies will determine how these genetic changes perform across different species and environments, and what safeguards are necessary to balance ecological considerations with agricultural and urban forestry needs.
Reference work: New Phytologist. DOI: 10.1111/nph.18624
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Note: This overview reflects ongoing research in plant genetics and does not imply immediate application in natural ecosystems or commercial forestry. Further experiments will clarify long-term effects and safety considerations.