Researchers from the Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Intravascular Imaging at the Research Institute of Complex Problems of Cardiovascular Diseases in Kuzbass have developed a silk-based medical product intended to replace blood vessels damaged by atherosclerosis. The development was shared with socialbites.ca through the national project titled “Science and Universities,” implemented with support from the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, highlighting ongoing efforts to bridge scientific discovery with practical medical applications.
The team chose silk fibroin, a protein extracted from silkworm cocoons, which has a long history of use as a surgical suture material. Silk fibroin was selected for its biocompatibility and mechanical properties, which make it a strong candidate for fabricating vascular patches. The researchers emphasize that this material helps minimize postoperative complications and supports a favorable healing response when used to repair damaged vessels.
Using silk fibroin, the scientists engineered three‑dimensional porous fibrous structures through a process known as electrospinning. This technique has become a cornerstone in the creation of tissue‑engineered vascular patches, enabling the production of scaffolds that closely mimic the extracellular environment of native blood vessels. The resulting patches are designed to support cellular ingrowth and secure integration with the patient’s vascular system.
Preclinical evaluations involved implanting the newly developed patch into the jugular vein of large laboratory animals. The results were encouraging, showing sustained patency of the treated vessels and, importantly, the rapid lining of the patch’s inner surface with the host’s own cells. This cellular coverage indicates an early stage of regeneration driven by the patient’s cells, which is a critical factor for long-term success and healing. The coating of the interior surface by endogenous cells suggests a higher likelihood of natural, in situ remodeling without the need for extended artificial intervention.
According to Nikita Kochergin, who leads the laboratory focused on tissue engineering and intravascular imaging, the implant demonstrated stable performance over a six‑month observation period in animal models. The patch maintained its structure and function throughout the study, and its design contributed to a reduction in thrombotic risk by filling the lumen in a way that discourages clot formation. These findings are presented as a meaningful step toward safer, more durable vascular repair options for patients affected by atherosclerotic disease.
At present, the researchers are advancing testing of the silk fibroin vascular patch and are exploring refinements to its composition to further improve biocompatibility and mechanical resilience. A novel polymer blend is being investigated to enhance the patch’s integration with living tissue while preserving its essential mechanical integrity under physiological conditions.
In parallel, the scientific team notes that the identification of new risk factors for cardiovascular disease remains a priority. Ongoing work seeks to deepen understanding of how these risks influence vascular health and how advanced biomaterials like silk fibroin can contribute to better prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies in clinical settings.