A team from Krasnoyarsk State Medical University collaborated with the Institute of Chemical Biology and Basic Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences to create DNA aptamers. These short nucleotide sequences are designed to identify glioma cells with high precision. The work received backing from the Russian Science Foundation through a grant that supported this research project.
Glioma is a type of tumor that arises from glial cells in the brain or spinal cord. Glial cells support neurons and help maintain a healthy neural environment, but gliomas are among the most challenging primary brain tumors to treat due to their location and invasive nature. Currently, detection relies on imaging technologies such as computed tomography CT and magnetic resonance imaging MRI. Yet these methods can miss very small tumors, especially in early stages, because they rely on structural differences rather than molecular markers.
The scientists developed aptamers that selectively bind to malignant nervous tissue cells. When labeled with a bright dye, these aptamers illuminate tumor cells, enabling surgeons to distinguish cancerous tissue from healthy brain matter under a microscope during operation. This capability holds the promise of more complete tumor removal while sparing critical brain regions that support essential functions.
Aptamer synthesis is described as straightforward and cost effective. By selecting a DNA sequence that targets the glioma cells of interest, researchers can replicate the molecule multiple times and attach various labels as needed. The resulting aptamers in this study showed selective binding to glioma cells, allowing precise recognition. This approach could streamline and accelerate tumor diagnosis and treatment planning. Moreover, short DNA strands tend to degrade rapidly in the body, reducing potential long term accumulation concerns and suggesting a favorable safety profile for future human use, pending further investigation.
In reported experiments, the aptamers demonstrated safety in animal studies, which supports the potential for future applications in human diagnosis and targeted therapy for brain tumors. The goals include improving early detection and enabling more accurate surgical resections, potentially translating into better patient outcomes.
For context, the work is described by senior researchers and institutions involved in digital controlled medicines and biomolecular technologies within Krasnoyarsk State Medical University and related Siberian research centers. The collaboration highlights a growing interest in molecularly targeted approaches that complement imaging. The central idea is to combine the precision of molecular recognition with the practicality of surgical visualization, aiming to reduce residual tumor tissue and preserve neurological function. Ongoing investigations continue to evaluate safety, efficacy, and potential clinical pathways as the science progresses. Citations and additional details about the study can be found in public communications from the involved institutions and funding bodies, with attribution to the contributing laboratories and researchers involved in glioma research. [Citation]