Researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Center have identified specific substances within the broad family of so‑called infinite chemicals that are linked to thyroid cancer. The investigation appears in the scientific journal eBioMedicine, adding to the growing body of evidence about chemical exposures and cancer risk.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS, are commonly described as persistent chemicals. They are used in cookware, food packaging, clothing, and a wide range of consumer items thanks to their ability to resist heat, water, and stains. With more than 10,000 PFAS chemicals currently recognized, these compounds are exceptionally stable and do not easily break down in the environment. They can accumulate in soil, water, and the human body, leading to long‑term exposure that may affect health over time.
The study examined 88 individuals diagnosed with thyroid cancer and measured the levels of eight PFAS compounds in their blood samples. The analysis found that exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (n‑PFOS), a PFAS chemical closely related to this family, was associated with a 56% higher risk of developing thyroid cancer compared with those with lower exposure levels.
In addition to n‑PFOS, other PFAS substances were identified as potentially carcinogenic, including branched forms of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, as well as perfluorononanoic acid, perfluorooctylphosphonic acid, and linear perfluorohexanesulfonic acid. These findings underscore concerns about how multiple PFAS compounds might influence cancer risk, particularly in the thyroid gland.
Commenting on the results, a co‑author noted that the study adds to evidence of a PFAS health crisis and supports ongoing efforts to reduce and ideally eliminate PFAS exposure in the population. The researchers emphasize the importance of regulatory actions, safer alternatives, and further research to understand the mechanisms by which PFAS may contribute to cancer development and to identify populations at greatest risk.
Earlier investigations have explored how PFAS exposure relates to hormonal changes, including effects on hormones in children. The current work contributes to a broader understanding of PFAS health impacts and highlights the need for comprehensive public health strategies to limit exposure and monitor long‑term outcomes for affected communities.