Researchers from the Perm National Research Polytechnic University, known as PNRPU, have identified a list of the most dangerous diseases that can pass from animals to humans. The findings reflect a broad spectrum of infections linked to household pets as well as other animals, and they highlight how common close contact with animals can carry real health risks. The study emphasizes the need for awareness among clinicians, veterinarians, and pet owners in Canada and the United States, along with practical steps that reduce exposure and support early detection. The goal of sharing these insights is to help people make informed decisions about safe pet care, responsible training, and routine veterinary checks that protect both people and animals. The researchers stress that responsible pet ownership lowers the chance of serious infections without taking away the companionship animals provide.
People can pick up a wide variety of pathogens from the fur, skin flakes, saliva, or surfaces contaminated by an animal. Transmission does not rely only on bites; casual contact, shared living spaces, grooming sessions, and even sleeping near a pet can transfer organisms. Among these agents, parasitic worms known as helminths deserve particular attention in zoonoses. They can be transmitted when people touch contaminated fur or soil, or after handling objects that animals have used. In many cases these parasites disrupt immune function and can trigger allergies, skin irritations, coughing, nasal symptoms, and digestive disturbances. In households across Canada and the United States, good hygiene practices and regular veterinary care dramatically lower these risks.
Infections caused by helminths include toxocariasis, caused by nematode roundworms. Larvae can migrate from the gut to other organs such as the eyes, the membranes around the brain, the lungs, and the liver. Adult worms inside the intestines can crowd the gut, impairing digestion and depriving the body of nutrients. Symptoms vary by location of the infection but may include vision changes, coughing, abdominal pain, and fever. Early detection and antiparasitic treatment help prevent lasting damage, especially in children who are more susceptible to serious outcomes from these parasites.
Echinococcosis is caused by tapeworms that form cysts in vital organs. These cysts may grow to a notable size and press on nearby tissues, sometimes injuring the liver or lungs. If a cyst ruptures, contents can spill into the body, triggering severe reactions and worsening organ injury. Medical management relies on imaging to determine cyst burden and location, a combination of antiparasitic medicines, and in some cases surgery to remove or drain cysts while protecting surrounding structures. Timely treatment is essential to maintain organ function and overall health.
Protozoan parasites responsible for piroplasmosis and toxoplasmosis pose significant risks. Piroplasmosis damages red blood cells, leading to fatigue, pale gums, fever, and a weakened ability to fight infections. The presentation can resemble other serious illnesses, which is why blood tests and careful clinical assessment are important for accurate diagnosis. Toxoplasmosis has particular implications for pregnancy because infection during gestation can affect the fetus, causing a range of problems that may be life threatening or lead to lasting disability. People with immune suppression may experience more severe illness from these infections.
The newly highlighted findings underscore that even seemingly minor incidents with pets matter. A scratch from a cat claw might introduce bacteria that cause pasteurellosis. The initial wound may develop into a small ulcer, and if bacteria spread to the lungs, a chronic cough or pneumonia can occur. In the septic form, a bloodstream infection can develop, risking damage to the liver, heart, and joints. Because early signs can mimic other conditions, doctors rely on exposure history and targeted tests to make the right diagnosis. Prompt antibiotic treatment and proper wound care significantly improve outcomes.
Rabies virus carried by pets remains a concern in some regions. The disease is almost always fatal once symptoms appear, which makes vaccination of dogs, cats, and other mammals critical. Public health guidelines emphasize routine vaccination, avoidance of contact with unfamiliar animals, and seeking immediate medical advice after any bite, scratch, or exposure to an animal that shows strange behavior. While vaccination greatly reduces risk, it is not a risk-free scenario in all areas, so vigilance continues to matter.
Earlier studies included artificial intelligence based analyses of stool samples to identify parasitic infections. This line of work shows how data science can complement medical and veterinary screening, supporting earlier detection and better tracking of infection patterns. The combination of laboratory testing, clinical evaluation, and digital analysis helps clinicians design more effective prevention programs, particularly in households with pets across North America.