Researchers from the University of Barcelona have revealed that the oldest trees in forests play a crucial role in preventing the extinction of rare organisms. This is notably true for wolf lichens, which face regional and continental threats across Europe. The discovery appeared in the scientific journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
Wolfsbane lichen (Letharia vulpina) is a species with a very limited range, thriving mainly in mature forests and on long-standing trees. The study shows that the most favorable habitat for Letharia vulpina to endure is the presence of ancient, venerable trees within forest ecosystems.
Experts explain that hundred- and thousand-year-old trees possess a combination of developmental ease and resilience to harsh conditions such as water scarcity and temperature extremes, factors that contribute to their longevity in natural settings.
Longevity emerges as a key ecological trait of trees, underscoring the importance of conserving old-growth forests in the most remote mountainous regions where these species find refuge. The researchers emphasize that long-lived trees function as a stabilizing biological scaffold supporting local ecosystems, making their preservation a priority for communities and conservationists alike.
According to the authors, these enduring trees offer a foundation for diverse life forms, shaping habitats and providing resources that many organisms rely on for survival. Consequently, extra efforts are needed to safeguard these ancient giants and the ecological networks they support.
Previous research cautions that planting trees in inappropriate locations can disrupt environmental balance and harm ecosystems. The current findings reinforce the view that thoughtful forest management and protection of old-growth stands are essential for maintaining biodiversity and ecological resilience. [Citation: PNAS study by University of Barcelona researchers; ecological implications discussed in expert commentary.]