New findings from researchers at New York University reveal a link between brain blood vessels and the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. The study shows that certain capillary cells work in concert with neurons to support the formation of long-term memories, and these insights are highlighted in a report from MedicalXpress.
Capillaries are the thinnest vessels in both humans and many animals. Among the tissues that build capillaries are pericyte cells. These cells help maintain the structural integrity of capillaries, regulate blood flow in the brain, and contribute to a barrier that prevents pathogens and toxins from leaking into brain tissue.
When learning involves the growth of new neural connections, the IGF2 protein concentration in brain cells rises. This protein plays a crucial role in creating and storing memories. The researchers found that IGF2 levels in the brain increase significantly not primarily because of neuronal activity, but because of the activity of pericytes.
The team conducted experiments with mice. They blocked the capacity of pericytes to produce IGF2 in some animals and then compared the cognitive performance of these mice with that of peers whose IGF2 production remained normal. The results indicated that inhibiting IGF2 impaired memory, perception, and spatial orientation in the altered mice.
Findings suggest that IGF2 produced by pericytes influences how neurons respond and communicate. The researchers hypothesize that boosting this enzyme’s function could enhance neuronal activity and intercellular signaling, offering a potential avenue for advancing treatments for Alzheimer’s disease.
Earlier work by other scientists identified IGF2 as a biomarker connected to Alzheimer’s disease, underscoring the importance of brain vascular health in neurodegenerative risk and progression. These recent results add to growing evidence that supporting capillary function and pericyte activity may be a meaningful strategy in the broader effort to protect memory and cognitive health as people age (MedicalXpress).