Researchers from the Medical University of Vienna report that sexually active patients or those who engage in vaginal dilation after completing cervical cancer therapy show a lower risk of lasting complications. The results were shared at the annual conference of the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO).
Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most common cancer among women globally and is most often diagnosed around age 50. When cancer spreads to nearby tissues or organs, standard nonoperative treatment usually combines radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and brachytherapy, which places radioactive implants directly into the tumor.
With a five-year survival rate of about 74 percent, outcomes are encouraging. Yet high doses of radiation near the vagina can lead to scarring, shortening, or narrowing of vaginal tissue. This can complicate gynecologic exams and cause pain during intercourse. Clinicians have frequently recommended regular vaginal dilation to reduce scar tissue and alleviate narrowing, though evidence supporting its effectiveness has been limited.
In this study, 1,416 women with locally advanced cervical cancer were followed over five years, with each participant visiting their clinician an average of 11 times. The researchers examined the relationship between vaginal dilation, sexual activity, and the risk of vaginal tightness.
Women who both performed vaginal dilation and remained sexually active reported the lowest rate of vaginal tightness, at 18 percent. Among those who did not take any measures to counter vaginal narrowing, 37 percent experienced tightness. The data suggest that combining dilation with ongoing sexual activity may help preserve vaginal function after treatment.
One study author explained that while preserving life remains the top priority, improving quality of life for younger survivors is increasingly important as more patients reach post-treatment years. The findings may encourage clinicians to discuss sexual health openly with patients and to consider dilation alongside other supportive strategies. The researchers noted that these conversations can reduce stigma and improve overall care for survivors of cervical cancer.
It is important to recognize that anxiety and mood changes can accompany a cancer diagnosis and its treatment. Clinicians emphasize comprehensive care that addresses both physical and emotional well-being to support long-term health after therapy. Markers such as persistent mood changes should prompt careful evaluation by healthcare professionals to distinguish psychological responses from possible physical complications. This approach helps ensure timely intervention and ongoing support for patients and their partners.
Overall, the study highlights a potential avenue for reducing vaginal side effects after cervical cancer treatment. The authors advocate continuing patient education about sexual health and pelvic floor care as part of routine survivorship planning. Further research will help clarify the most effective strategies for maintaining vaginal function while preserving cancer control, with patients and families benefiting from clearer, stigma-free guidance.