Researchers from the University of Barcelona (UB) have found that artificial grass used on sports fields contributes to market microplastics that reach rivers and seas and make up about 15% of plastics smaller than five millimeters floating in aquatic environments.
UB explained that analysts studied 217 water samples taken off the coast of Barcelona and 200 samples from the Guadalquivir region. They detected artificial grass fibers in 62% of marine samples and in 37% of river water samples.
Concentrations reached more than 200,000 fibers per square kilometer of sea surface and over 20,000 fibers per day in river waters. The researchers note that differences between sea and river waters arise from the lower retention of plastics in rivers and from the cumulative presence of artificial grass fibers in coastal zones over years or decades.
Two of the plastic fibers identified are those that typically float in aquatic environments, aligning with current trends in global artificial turf production. These microplastics show a higher concentration along coastlines near major urban centers, according to the study’s lead author, who noted the trend fits broader patterns in plastic pollution tied to sporting venues and urban activity.
The study, published in the journal Environmental Pollution, proposes a methodological framework to identify microplastics associated with artificial turf in future investigations. This framework aims to improve understanding of the true environmental impact of these materials and guide more effective mitigation strategies.
Rethinking green plastic facilities
Although the analyses focused on two specific Spanish regions, the findings suggest other cities could also encounter artificial grass fibers in their environments. The level of contamination is likely influenced by the turf type, its use, age, and the effectiveness of measures intended to prevent leakage into surrounding ecosystems.
Between 1,200 and 1,400 artificial turf sports fields are installed in the European Union each year.
Experts emphasize that if plastic pollution is to be reduced, green installations on public surfaces such as school playgrounds, sports fields, music venues, gyms, and private gardens should be evaluated and improved to minimize environmental leakage.
Between 1,200 and 1,400 artificial turf fields are established annually in the European Union. This material mimics natural grass using synthetic fibers, largely composed of plastics, which raises questions about long-term environmental stewardship in North American contexts as well as in Europe.
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