People with high blood pressure or bleeding disorders should avoid melatonin unless a clinician approves it. A medical professional should be consulted before use because melatonin can interact with many medications and dietary supplements. This cautions applies to anyone managing chronic conditions or taking multiple treatments, as interactions can influence sleep and overall health.
Melatonin is a hormone that the body naturally produces to regulate the sleep-wake cycle. It is sold over the counter in various forms, including tablets, capsules, liquids, and gummies, making it easily accessible for short-term sleep support.
There is no universal safe dose of melatonin. Some studies have found variability in the actual melatonin content of supplements, with products sometimes containing significantly more than stated. This discrepancy raises the risk of overdosing or experiencing side effects such as nervousness, dizziness, headaches, nausea, and drowsiness. In cases of overdose, there is no specific antidote; treatment is supportive until symptoms resolve. It is important to keep all sleep aids out of reach of children to prevent accidental ingestion.
Consultation with a healthcare provider is advised for individuals with bleeding disorders, during pregnancy or breastfeeding, and for those with depression, hypertension, or seizure disorders. The effectiveness of melatonin can depend on the specific product, dosage, frequency of use, and potential interactions with other medications. Substances such as caffeine, diabetes medications, blood pressure medicines, birth control pills, blood thinners, or immunosuppressants may alter melatonin’s effects. Some supplements, including aloe, garlic, ginger, prickly pear, and nettle, can interact with melatonin or affect its absorption and metabolism.
Researchers are actively examining how to optimize treatment strategies for obesity and related metabolic conditions. Through large-scale analyses, scientists are seeking safer, more effective approaches that consider individual variability and comorbidities. This ongoing work underscores the importance of evidence-based guidance when considering supplements as part of a health plan.