Snoring arises from vibrations in the tissues of the larynx when the airway narrows. The causes span a range of conditions, from ENT disorders and hormonal imbalances to obesity and lifestyle habits. In the words of neurologist and somnologist Olga Zincheva, as reported by Izvestia, addressing snoring requires looking at both structural and systemic factors.
ENT problems frequently play a central role. Allergic rhinitis, a deviated nasal septum, or an anatomically narrow pharynx can limit airflow during sleep and trigger vibration of soft tissues. In children, a naturally narrower pharynx can predispose to snoring, and enlarged palatine tonsils or adenoids are common culprits. Growths in the nasal passage, whether benign or malignant, may also obstruct airflow and contribute to loud nighttime breathing. A careful ENT examination helps distinguish these structural issues from other contributors.
Hormonal shifts, weight-related changes, and nervous system conditions can also contribute to snoring. During menopause, hormonal fluctuations can affect airway muscle tone. Obesity increases tissue mass around the throat, which can narrow the airway and amplify snoring sounds. Neurological diseases that weaken the muscles of the throat and airway, such as neuromuscular dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and the aftereffects of a stroke, can diminish the tone and coordination needed for smooth, quiet breathing at night.
Behavioral and lifestyle factors have a noticeable impact as well. Smoking irritates the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, which increases both inflammation and resistance to airflow, doubling the likelihood of snoring. Alcohol consumption and the use of sedatives can relax the muscles of the larynx and throat, removing some of the natural tone that keeps the airway open during sleep and making snoring more likely. These habits can interact with anatomical and medical risks to produce a louder, more persistent snoring pattern.
Beyond snoring itself, research highlights a broader context of sleep and health. While snoring can be a benign symptom for some, it may also signal sleep-disordered breathing in others, including obstructive sleep apnea. A comprehensive assessment often includes evaluating sleep quality, daytime fatigue, and cardiovascular risk factors. Experts emphasize that addressing lifestyle factors, treating nasal or structural obstructions, and managing underlying medical conditions can reduce snoring severity and improve overall sleep health. It is worth noting that studies reveal a striking gap between objective health changes and people’s awareness. For instance, a notable proportion of individuals with mild memory impairments remain unaware of their condition, suggesting that sleep-related symptoms might also fly under the radar for some patients. (Izvestia reporting from Olga Zincheva)