Increased cancer risk and effects on development and reproduction
A study reviewed by scientists at the Environmental Working Group, a non-profit independent organization, explored the potential health risks posed by common household cleaning products. Published in Chemosphere, the research examined 30 products ranging from glass and all-purpose cleaners to air fresheners. The findings show that these everyday items can release hundreds of volatile organic compounds, known as VOCs, some of which are labeled hazardous to health.
Across both traditional and greener cleaning options, the study identified 530 VOCs in total. Of these, 193 were considered potentially harmful, with possible impacts on the respiratory system, cancer risk, and development and reproduction. Several VOCs linger, continuing to emit for days, weeks, or even months after use.
Indoor air quality bears the brunt. VOCs from cleaning products can affect indoor air to a greater extent than outdoor air, with estimates suggesting indoor concentrations may be two to ten times higher. Emissions can persist beyond immediate cleaning sessions, extending the exposure window well into the future.
Experts describe the results as a wake-up call for consumers, researchers, and regulators to acknowledge the risks associated with many chemicals found in indoor air. A key takeaway is the potential benefit of choosing environmentally friendlier options, especially products marketed as green and odorless, to reduce VOC exposure.
Our results highlight one way to reduce exposure to hazardous VOCs: choosing green products, especially those that are odorless.
A line from an EWG toxicologist emphasizes the practical impact: selecting ecological and odorless cleaning products can cut exposure to harmful chemicals and support better indoor air quality.
Organic versus conventional products and VOCs
The study concludes that products labeled as ecological tend to emit fewer VOCs, roughly about half the average of traditional ones. Organic options that are scent free generally show the lowest VOC counts. In contrast, scented products contain more VOCs, with higher overall counts compared to unscented organic or traditional labels.
Overall, ecological products released fewer hazardous chemicals on average compared with scented ecological products. The data indicate that there is a meaningful difference in VOC profiles between scented and unscented formulations across a representative sample of products tested.
This pattern supports a practical guideline: when concerned about indoor air quality and potential health risks, choosing ecological and odorless cleaning products may be prudent for consumers.
Health concerns around VOC exposure are notable because people encounter these compounds in workplaces and homes alike. Research indicates a higher risk of breathing-related issues among workers in cleaning industries and a heightened risk for chronic respiratory conditions. Some studies also point to greater risks for certain cancers among exposed populations, underscoring the importance of safer product choices for workers and households alike.
The health of children may also be at risk
There is evidence suggesting that increased use of certain household cleaning products is linked to a higher incidence of asthma and wheezing in childhood. Protecting the health of young people begins with careful selection of cleaning products and mindful use in homes, schools, and community spaces.
These cleaning products can harm health and the environment, particularly for women, girls, and children
Experts emphasize that the findings bear on environmental health as well as human well-being. VOCs released by consumer products contribute to outdoor and indoor air pollution, reinforcing broader environmental concerns. A notable study from 2018 estimated that a substantial portion of VOC-related air pollution originates from consumer products.
Choosing ecological cleaning products is presented as an easy step to reduce exposure to harmful chemicals, with particular importance for the health of women and children.
Reference work: ScienceDirect 2023 edition of related research on VOC emissions from household products.
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Note: This summary reflects publicly reported findings and emphasizes environmental health implications alongside human health considerations.