Genes protecting breast cancer cells under stress and during spread

Researchers have identified 16 genes that help breast cancer cells shield themselves from destruction, a finding that could reshape how this disease is understood and treated. The work outlines a mechanism by which tumors endure harsh conditions inside the body, particularly in regions where oxygen is scarce. Cells in poorly oxygenated areas adjust to stress as they enter the bloodstream, preparing for dissemination. The 16 genes appear to protect cancer cells from reactive oxygen species that drive oxidative stress, enabling migration to receptive sites where they can spread to distant parts of the body. The study describes how cancer cells sense hypoxia and activate a survival program that stays active even after cells reach oxygen-rich regions. In mouse models, a subset of these genes remained expressed long after cells left the primary tumor, supporting a lasting survival advantage. The findings shed light on how tumors resist hypoxic stress and lay groundwork for new approaches to combat aggressive cancers. Earlier research has linked pesticide exposure with prostate cancer.