Two-thirds of greenhouse gas emissions come from energy use. In addition, the current circumstances from the war in Ukraine push for strict energy saving. Both the climate emergency and the energy guidance from institutions call for using energy more carefully than ever. Many people are not fully aware of which home devices use the most power. All appliances consume energy, but some are higher consumers than others.
According to the Energy Diversification and Conservation Institute, the average Spanish household uses about 4,000 kWh of electricity per year.
The devices that use the most energy at home are:
1.- Refrigerator
Among the top energy users, the refrigerator accounts for about 19% of a typical home’s electricity use. Although it runs continuously, its power consumption is relatively low, around 200 watts. Because it operates 24 hours a day, its total consumption remains high, and it should not be left off for long periods.
The refrigerator is the device that consumes the most energy. It is important to place it away from heat sources and direct sunlight. It is also useful to ensure adjustable power settings and, ideally, low-energy modes where available.
Keeping a proper temperature is essential. Do not place hot food inside, and open the door only when necessary. Regularly clean the ventilation ducts and dust the back of the unit at least once a year.
2.- Washing machine
The washing machine is a major energy consumer, typically using between 1,200 and 1,500 kWh. Overall, it accounts for about 12% of household energy use. This figure can be reduced by washing with cold water, waiting to fill the drum, and selecting a program that matches the needs of the load.
About 80% to 85% of the energy used by washing comes from heating the water. Using lower temperature programs is an effective way to cut costs.
3.- Television
Television usage often sits near the washing machine in energy rankings. Some figures cite 7.3% of total domestic consumption, while others report higher numbers. TV sets are among the less energy-intensive appliances, particularly when viewed on a per-hour basis, but long daily use increases overall energy costs. Larger screens typically require more power, and LED displays are generally more efficient than older LCDs.
Even in standby, televisions can draw power; turning televisions off completely or using a power strip that cuts current when off helps reduce waste.
4.- Dryer
Dryers are among the biggest energy users in homes, even though they offer convenience and quicker drying. In many climates, air-drying on a line remains a viable option, especially when rainy conditions prevent sun drying. If a dryer is used, consider spinning the laundry to remove excess moisture beforehand and avoid mixing heavy cotton with lighter fabrics in the same load.
5.- Oven
Electric ovens are substantial energy users, contributing roughly 9% of total electricity cost. They are not the largest consumers, partly because they are used less frequently. Reducing oven time by turning it off a few minutes before cooking finishes lets residual heat complete the task, saving energy each time.
6.- Glass ceramic cooktop
Induction cooktops typically use 20% to 30% less energy than traditional ceramic hobs, though they remain high-usage appliances. To maximize efficiency, ensure the pot base matches the cooking zone and use pans with a bottom slightly larger than the burner.
Closing the lid and using residual heat can save around a quarter of energy. Modern energy-saving modes can turn off the burner a few minutes early while the dish finishes cooking on the remaining heat.
7.- Dishwasher
Dishwashers tend to be more efficient than hand washing, especially when run with a full load. A typical cycle uses about 10 to 14 liters of water and a significant portion of energy is spent heating the water. Newer models offer programs that reuse heat from washing to improve rinsing or drying without extra energy consumption.
8.- Computer
Computers contribute a noticeable share of energy costs, with desktops higher than laptops. Laptops generally use less power, but the monitor can be the biggest energy draw. Avoid standby mode when not in use; phantom power can waste electricity. If possible, use the most energy-efficient display and power settings.
9.- Microwave
Using a microwave instead of a conventional oven can save around 60% of energy due to its speed and localized heating. Microwaves cook quickly, reducing overall energy use compared with traditional ovens.
10.- Small household appliances
There are many small devices with widely varying energy needs. Devices that generate heat, such as irons or hair dryers, often consume the most power, while smaller appliances may be far less demanding. It is helpful to be mindful of wattage when selecting these tools.
For guidance on energy savings and environmental considerations, contact the appropriate environmental department via the official channels of the relevant agency.