A new SARS-CoV-2 variant named Arcturus has been linked to conjunctivitis more frequently than previous strains, yet this eye inflammation remains difficult to distinguish from other infectious conjunctivitis based on symptoms alone. Experts in infectious diseases explain that while Arcturus, also referred to as XBB.1.16 in some regions, presented with classic respiratory symptoms in India, the appearance of conjunctivitis in Europe has been noted more often in discussions, making it unclear whether this symptom will become a common hallmark of the new variant. In practical terms, doctors stress that conjunctivitis can arise from viruses, bacteria, or chemical irritation, and the overlap in symptoms with COVID-19–related conjunctivitis makes clinical differentiation unreliable without testing.
Diagnosis often depends on the overall clinical picture rather than a single sign. For individuals presenting with eye redness, irritation, tearing, or a sensation of a foreign body, clinicians consider recent exposure history, presence of fever or respiratory symptoms, and any known contact with infected persons. Because the coronavirus can mimic the appearance of infectious conjunctivitis, a precise diagnosis typically requires molecular testing or a comprehensive clinical assessment in a healthcare setting.
When it comes to management, eye care professionals commonly recommend symptomatic treatments that alleviate discomfort and protect the eye’s surface. This can include artificial tears or lubricating solutions to ease dryness, and eye drops designed to reduce irritation and pain. In some cases, antiviral eye drops such as thalmoferon may be considered as part of the treatment plan, particularly if a viral etiology is suspected. Patients with persistent or worsening symptoms after a few days should seek evaluation by an ophthalmologist to rule out complications or alternative diagnoses.
Public health guidance emphasizes standard preventive measures that help limit transmission in daily life. People are advised to avoid crowded environments when possible, maintain physical distance, practice thorough hand hygiene, and follow general hygiene rules to reduce the spread of infections. Wearing a mask in crowded places or around individuals who are visibly unwell, especially in healthcare settings, can provide additional protection. These precautions remain prudent regardless of the exact variant involved.
Experts also caution against the routine use of masks as a perpetual precaution for everyone, noting that mask-wearing should be tailored to individual risk and local transmission levels. Vaccination status is a part of this broader risk assessment. For those who have not previously contracted the virus or who have not completed their vaccination schedule, updated guidance generally supports vaccination for individuals in higher-risk groups, including older adults and people with weakened immune systems, while recognizing that many low-risk individuals may opt to prioritize other preventive measures. In all cases, decisions about vaccination should be made in consultation with a healthcare professional and aligned with current public health recommendations.
Overall, the emergence of Arcturus and its potential association with conjunctivitis underscores the importance of staying informed through reputable health sources and seeking timely medical care for eye symptoms that persist or worsen. Early evaluation helps ensure appropriate management, reduces the risk of secondary infections, and supports accurate reporting to health authorities for ongoing surveillance. Marked citations from clinical experts and health authorities provide context for how these developments are interpreted within the wider landscape of respiratory viruses and eye infections.