Colonoscopy: What It Is and When to Screen Safely
For adults aged 55 and older, colorectal cancer screening in Canada and the United States commonly includes a colonoscopy every ten years if there are no other risk factors. When a close relative has had colorectal cancer, screening typically begins ten years before the age at which that cancer was diagnosed. Medical professionals emphasize that regular screening improves early detection and treatment outcomes.
Colonoscopy is a diagnostic procedure in which a physician uses an endoscope to inspect the inner lining of the large intestine and rectum. The instrument can reach the entire colon and provide a clear view of the mucosa.
The examination makes it possible to assess the tone of the intestines and observe mucosal health. If suspicious areas are found, a biopsy can be taken for laboratory analysis. Through this approach doctors can identify congenital anomalies, polyps that may become cancerous, and inflammatory diseases such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease.
Colonoscopy is typically recommended when symptoms arise or when screening is indicated. Indications include visible blood, mucus, or pus in stools; ongoing constipation or diarrhea; abdominal pain; bloating; or fever that persists.
Other reasons to perform colonoscopy include unexplained weight loss, anemia, or a sense of rectal fullness. If previous tests reveal a tumor in the intestine, colonoscopy is used to investigate further. The procedure also helps monitor treatment effectiveness, screen for colorectal cancer, and locate a primary tumor in cases of metastasis.
Preparation is required to ensure visibility, often involving dietary adjustments and bowel cleansing. The procedure is commonly performed with sedation. Most patients recover quickly and can resume normal activities soon after.