Coffee plants are a topic that invites curiosity. The first thing to note is that there are forty distinct species of coffee, all native to Africa, yet today these plants are cultivated in tropical regions across the globe. A coffee tree is a versatile plant that can be grown indoors or as a decorative feature in homes and offices. Typically, the plant grows well in a pot and can reach several meters in height in nature, but when kept as a compact houseplant it usually remains under one and a half meters. While there are many ornamental varieties, caring for a coffee plant requires some basic attention to ensure it thrives over time. This article shares practical tips for proper coffee plant care.
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Arabica Coffee
The Coffea arabica variety stands as the most widely grown and popular coffee plant. It is native to the mountainous regions of Angola and Ethiopia and features slender stems with long, glossy leaves up to 15 centimeters in length. The leaves are dark green, oval, and smooth to the touch. Arabica also blooms in the summer with white, star-shaped flowers that cluster at leaf axils. The resulting fruit starts green, then ripens to red, containing the coffee beans. In indoor settings, pollination by insects is often limited, which can affect flowering. Arabica coffee plants are treasured for their cup quality and often preferred by consumers for their nuanced flavors and higher bean yield compared to robusta varieties. The Arabica beans are a staple in many premium blends and are widely cultivated for coffee lovers around the world. [citation needed]
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PLANTS | Coffea arabica: The coffee plant you can buy at Ikea
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How to care for the coffee plant
The coffee tree requires bright but indirect light. Direct sun should be avoided as it may scorch the leaves. Sudden temperature changes, cold drafts, or temperatures below 12°C are unfavorable. In winter, a resting period around 15–16°C is ideal for the plant to conserve energy and health.
The soil mix should be a blend of garden soil, leaf mold, and silica sand, with repotting every two years during early spring to refresh nutrients and support root growth.
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What matters is proper irrigation with lime-free water. In spring and summer, water moderately every about three days, ensuring the soil does not stay bone dry. In cooler months, reduce frequency to roughly once a week. Humidity should stay above about 50 percent, so occasional spraying every two to three days or placing a bed of moist pebbles under the pot helps sustain the microclimate the coffee plant loves. [citation needed]
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Herb care and maintenance for coffee plants should occur on a routine basis with balanced feeding during the growing season. Fertilization every 15 days with a standard indoor-plant fertilizer supports healthy growth in spring and summer, but pruning is not always required. Damaged branches can be removed during early spring to maintain shape and vigor. Pest pressures may arise if humidity drops or if pests like red spider mites and mealybugs appear; watch for leaf tips turning brown. For hobbyists, refreshing plants every five years by replacing them at garden centers, nurseries, or big retailers can help maintain vitality. [citation needed]