In a bold move to restore marine ecosystems, Catalonia expanded its protected area network for demersal fisheries by adding 20 new permanent exclusion zones. Covering 462 square kilometers, these zones dramatically increase the unfishable sea area for this bottom-dwelling group, expanding the protected marine footprint by a factor of 283.
The creation of this network stems from close collaboration among Catalan fishermen’s associations and researchers. For more than three years, the science sector has been represented by the Institut Català de Recerca per a la Governança del Mar (ICATMAR) and the Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC) in Barcelona, working with the Generalitat de Catalunya to advance the plan.
According to Laura Recasens, a researcher with ICM-CSIC and ICATMAR, this measure is expected to support the recovery of ecosystems and the populations of species that depend on them.
The Catalan Maritime Strategy underpins the initiative, emphasizing a co-management model that invites active participation from all stakeholders in fisheries decision-making. The first closures trace back to 2013, when a group of Roses fishermen decided to close a fishing area, marking the initial step. In 2015, ICM-CSIC scientists began evaluating how such closures influenced ecosystem recovery. (Citation: ICATMAR, ICM-CSIC)
The initial closure led to higher abundances of juveniles and adults of commercial species, not only within the protected zone but also in neighboring areas. Encouraged by this outcome, authorities expanded the initiative to cover all of Catalonia’s fishing communities, ultimately establishing 20 new networks of protected marine areas along the coastline. (Citation: ICATMAR, ICM-CSIC)
In parallel, the Catalan model has found application in other parts of the country thanks to collaboration between ICATMAR, the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), and the Fisheries Secretariat of the Spanish government.
“A Historic Turning Point”
Together, roughly 462 square kilometers are now safeguarded, an expanse roughly equal to the area of Andorra. The adoption of these protections showcases a willingness among diverse fishing associations to relinquish parts of their traditional grounds in favor of marine ecosystem protection. Joan B. Company of ICM-CSIC and ICATMAR notes the potential for meaningful benefits to the marine environment as a result of the new measures. (Citation: ICATMAR, ICMS-CSIC)
As a consequence of this network, no demersal fishing activities have been permitted since January 2022. The aim is to restore biodiversity and boost the biomass of species living in these habitats, including species of commercial interest. ICATMAR and ICM-CSIC are investing in a monitoring and restoration program designed to continuously collect high-quality scientific data to inform fisheries management decisions. (Citation: ICATMAR, ICM-CSIC)
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