Researchers at Perm National Research Polytechnic University (PNRPU) described which biologically active additives can support people who follow vegetarian or vegan diets. The university’s press service provided the information.
Experts note that humans are omnivores, and vegetarianism should not be seen as the only correct approach. Plant proteins often lack certain essential amino acids, such as valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and lysine. Building a nutrition plan that includes all of these amino acids can be challenging and sometimes costly, especially when seeking a supplement package that covers them all, according to Ekaterina Bankovskaya, associate professor in the Department of Chemical Technologies at PNRPU. (Source: PNRPU press service)
PNRPU experts also point out that vitamin B12 is virtually absent in plant foods, which is crucial for hematopoiesis and DNA formation. Supplementation is often necessary to prevent deficiency. (Source: PNRPU press service)
Moreover, avoiding animal products can raise the risk of iron deficiency. Iron in foods exists in two forms: heme and non-heme. Heme iron comes from meat, poultry, and fish and is absorbed at rates of about 17–22%, while non-heme iron from plants is absorbed much more slowly, around 1–7%. (Source: PNRPU press service)
Calcium absorption is another concern with non-animal diets. Oxalic and phytic acids in plants can hinder calcium uptake. Vegetarians may also experience lower omega-3 fatty acid intake; the main dietary sources traditionally being oily fish and seafood. Some vegans turn to algae-based oils or fortified foods to help meet omega-3 needs, sometimes with supplements after medical consultation.
Experts emphasize that dietary supplements can support the body in managing certain conditions, but they cannot replace medications prescribed by a clinician. Regular, long-term use of supplements without professional advice is not advised. (Source: PNRPU press service)
There are situations where omega-3 supplements should be avoided due to medical conditions or potential interactions with other medicines; a healthcare professional can provide personalized guidance. (Source: PNRPU press service)