New insights show small brain cells influence sleep needs through astrocytes
Researchers from the University of Washington in the United States report that a category of brain cells that is not well studied may play a key role in controlling how astrocytes regulate sleep. The discovery comes from a study published in a prominent neuroscience journal and adds to the growing understanding of brain cell networks and sleep regulation.
Astrocytes are a type of glial cell with many extensions that connect with other astroglial networks, forming a mesh that interacts with neurons. These cells contribute to calcium signaling, influence human behavior, and participate in essential brain processes such as neurogenesis and the development of the blood brain barrier, which protects nervous tissue and helps regulate what substances enter the brain from the bloodstream. They also participate in synaptic transmission, shaping how neurons communicate.
In a series of experiments conducted with mice, scientists activated astrocytes to observe the resulting effects. The treated mice stayed awake longer than usual without showing signs of mental fatigue or physical decline, compared with control animals kept in normal wake cycles.
Researchers noted that extended wakefulness often leads to longer and deeper sleep afterward; however, in this study the awake mice did not display obvious deficits when compared with well-rested counterparts, despite the extra hours of wakefulness. This observation provides new clues about how wakefulness and sleep pressure are regulated at the cellular level.
The team suggests that understanding this mechanism could support the development of strategies to boost daytime productivity for people who work night shifts, rotational schedules, emergency responders, and personnel in demanding operational roles. The findings open avenues for exploring how similar cellular pathways might be leveraged to optimize alertness and recovery in high-demand professions.
Further investigations will aim to map the specific circuits and signaling events that link astrocyte activity to sleep regulation, with an eye toward practical applications that promote wellbeing and performance in real-world settings.