Recent research highlights limitations in commercial DNA tests used to determine a dog’s breed, with findings suggesting that some results may be unreliable. The study appears in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association (JAVMA).
The researchers’ conclusions stem from an analysis that ordered DNA assessments for 12 pedigree-verified purebred dogs across six testing companies. In half of the cases, the saliva sample was accompanied by a full photo of the DNA donor, while in the other half, a photo of a different dog that did not resemble the original pet accompanied the submission.
Among the results, one instance showed a Chinese Crested dog being identified as half border collie and half Golden Retriever, with the analysis not detecting the dog’s true breed genes.
Investigators also examined the history of the testing organizations. They found that one provider had prior reports of similar misclassifications. For example, in another case, a purebred beagle was labeled as a cross between a poodle and a Bichon Frise.
The researchers noted that, despite formal accreditation, DNA tests can be inaccurate due to personnel qualifications or possible oversights in the testing process.
The implications of erroneous results extend beyond classification. In certain regions, breed identifications can influence ownership restrictions on potentially dangerous breeds, and incorrect results could place a harmless dog owner in an inappropriate legal or regulatory situation, especially when documents misidentify a pet as a hybrid of more aggressive breeds.
Furthermore, incorrect breed typing may lead to mistaken assumptions about a pet’s health risks, potentially triggering unnecessary worry or inappropriate medical decisions.
Additionally, questions about the genetic background of popular breeds, such as Labrador Retrievers, have spurred ongoing research into obesity and related health issues, underscoring the broader importance of accurate genetic information in veterinary science.
[Source: JAVMA study; expert commentary and findings summarized for context.]