Researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Physics have introduced a ceramic Airgel composed of silicon carbide and silicon dioxide. The material demonstrates pronounced anisotropic thermal conductivity and outstanding heat stability. In aerospace and energy sectors, it holds promise for roles that demand efficient heat handling and dependable insulation.
The design draws inspiration from natural architectures such as the layered networks found in wood vascular systems and the protective cocoons of silkworms. These structures manage heat through their internal organization, guiding heat flow with elegant precision. By studying these patterns, the researchers crafted an artificial structure that channels heat in a controlled, directional way.
To manufacture Airgel, the team used a combination of electrical drying and sublimation drying methods. The process yields a porous, low-density ceramic in which heat can travel along preferred directions while diffusion in other directions remains limited.
The fabrication begins with the synthesis of nano-sized silicon carbide particles, noted for high chemical stability. Next, an amorphous shell made of silicon dioxide is applied to the particle surfaces. This coating acts as a phonon barrier, promoting in-layer alignment and forming an orderly layered architecture that enhances directional heat transport and overall thermal management capabilities.
Experts say Airgel maintains performance across a wide temperature span from minus 196 Celsius to 1300 Celsius, enabling operation in extreme environments and demanding service conditions common in aviation, space, and industrial settings.
Earlier work explored Airgel-based cooling surfaces that rely on airflow to remove heat, demonstrating potential for lightweight thermal management surfaces in compact systems.