German scientists from the University of Leipzig have discovered that the use of mechanical ventilation devices (ventilators) can harm premature babies, cause breathing problems and even damage the lungs. The study was published in the scientific journal magazine International Biophysical Society.
According to experts, during normal breathing, the diaphragm and the muscles between the ribs create negative pressure in the lungs. However, the use of mechanical ventilation causes excessive hydrostatic pressure, which can adversely affect the integrity of the lung tissue.
The researchers conducted experiments using lung tissue from premature rats and adult rats. Scientists created tension of varying strengths with intermediate rest phases, similar to the actions that occur when using mechanical ventilation.
The lungs of prematurely born rat pups exhibited both elastic and viscous properties even under low pressure. This indicates deformation of the organ due to stress. Additionally, mechanical ventilation made the lung tissue much stiffer than it was in the lungs of an adult rodent when exposed to mechanical ventilation.
Scientists found that the strain of ventilator use alters the sodium transport mechanism, which is important in removing fluid from the lungs immediately after birth. This dysfunction has a negative impact on the baby’s body.
The researchers hope their discovery will help improve treatments for premature babies.
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