HE Nobel Prize in Economics 2023 for Claudia Goldinfor him Jobs for women in the labor marketAs reported by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
Award for American Goldin It was specifically awarded “for advancing our understanding of women’s outcomes in the industry.” labor market“. Goldin analyzed data from the United States and explained the wage gap between men and women by educational reasons and the birth of the first child.
Women are severely underrepresented in the global labor market and when they work, they earn less than menIt reminded me of the Swedish academy.
Goldin scoured the archives and compiled more than 200 years of data from the United States; this allowed her to “show how and why gender differences in earnings and employment rates change over time.”
The academy reminded: “Despite modernization, economic growth and the increase in the proportion of working women in the 20th century, for a long time the wage range It was barely closed between men and women“.
Part of the explanation, according to Winner, is that educational decisions that affect lifelong professional opportunities are made at a relatively young age.
“If young women’s expectations are shaped by the experiences of previous generations (for example, their mothers not returning to work until their children are grown), then progress will be slow.”
Income differences within the same profession
The Swedish academy reminds us that historically most of the gender gap in income can be explained by: differences in educational and occupational options. “But, Goldin showed that most of this income gap is now between men and women in the same occupation.and largely resulting from this birth of first child“.
Women’s education levels have increased steadily throughout the 20th century and are now significantly higher than men’s in most high-income countries.
According to the academy, “Goldin demonstrated that: Access to birth control pills played an important role To accelerate this revolutionary change by providing new opportunities for career planning.
“Understanding the role of women in the workplace is important for society. Thanks to Claudia Goldin’s groundbreaking research, we now We know much more about the key factors and barriers that may need to be addressed in the future.“, Jakob Svensson, chairman of the Economic Sciences Prize Committee, said in his statement on the occasion of the award.
The award was the last Nobel Prizes After the winners in the Medicine, Physics, Chemistry, Literature and Peace categories were announced last week, it was announced that they would be awarded like the others next December.